Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33672247›Full record

ArticleMethods and protocols2021

Concentration and Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater Using Polyethylene Glycol-Based Concentration and qRT-PCR.

Kata Farkas, Luke S Hillary, Jamie Thorpe, David I Walker, James A Lowther, James E McDonald, Shelagh K Malham, Davey L Jones

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Methods and protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
4.3field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 81 citations in OpenAlex.

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  19. Diurnal changes in pathogenic and indicator virus concentrations in wastewater.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2023
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Kata FarkasSchool of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7068-3228
Luke S HillarySchool of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
Jamie ThorpeSchool of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
David I WalkerUK National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Viruses, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK.
James A LowtherUK National Reference Laboratory for Foodborne Viruses, Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Weymouth DT4 8UB, UK.
James E McDonaldSchool of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
Shelagh K MalhamSchool of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge LL59 5AB, UK.
Davey L JonesSchool of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
Bangor University · GBCentre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science · GB

Funding

Natural Environment Research Council NE/M009106/1Natural Environment Research Council NE/V004883/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Wastewater-based epidemiology has become an important tool for the surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks. However, the detection of viruses in sewage is challenging and to date there is no standard method available which has been validated for the sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2. In this paper, we describe a simple concentration method based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, followed by RNA extraction and a one-step quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) for viral detection in wastewater. PEG-based concentration of viruses is a simple procedure which is not limited by the availability of expensive equipment and has reduced risk of disruption to consumable supply chains. The concentration and RNA extraction steps enable 900-1500× concentration of wastewater samples and sufficiently eliminates the majority of organic matter, which could inhibit the subsequent qRT-PCR assay. Due to the high variation in the physico-chemical properties of wastewater samples, we recommend the use of process control viruses to determine the efficiency of each step. This procedure enables the concentration and the extraction the DNA/RNA of different viruses and hence can be used for the surveillance of different viral targets for the comprehensive assessment of viral diseases in a community.

Indexed as

COVID-19environmental samplespublic healthsewagewastewater virology

Identifiers

PMID33672247
PMCPMC8005995
OpenAlexW3132503670

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.