Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33671988›Full record

ArticleAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2021

Dietary Glutamic Acid Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Health of Weaned Pigs.

Hyunjin Kyoung, Jeong Jae Lee, Jin Ho Cho, Jeehwan Choe, Joowon Kang, Hanbae Lee, Yanhong Liu, Younghoon Kim, Hyeun Bum Kim, Minho Song

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
1.9field-weighted citation impact, top 13% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Porcine intestinal goblet cells: Guardians of mucosal immunity and barrier function.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Chitosan processing waste nutrients compounds as a potential natural poultry premix.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Nutrients · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Effects ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2023
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Hyunjin KyoungDivision of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
Jeong Jae LeeDivision of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
Jin Ho ChoDivision of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
Jeehwan ChoeDepartment of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
Joowon KangDivision of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
Hanbae LeePathway Intermediates, Seoul 06253, Korea.
Yanhong LiuDepartment of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Younghoon KimDepartment of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research, Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-6769-0657
Hyeun Bum KimDepartment of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea.
Minho SongDivision of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-4515-5212
Chungnam National University · KRChungbuk National University · KRDankook University · KRSeoul National University · KRUniversity of California, Davis · US

Funding

Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture and Forestry 120051-02-1-HD020
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dietary glutamic acid (GLU) is used as a feed additive because of its functional characteristics that may affect the growth performance and health of pigs. This study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary GLU on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses, and intestinal health of weaned pigs. A total of ninety-six weaned pigs (8.07 ± 1.17 kg of body weight; 28 days of age) were assigned to two dietary treatments (8 pigs/pen; 6 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block: body weight): (1) a typical weaner diet (CON) and (2) CON supplemented with 0.5% GLU. The experimental period was for 4 weeks. All data and sample collections were performed at the specific time points during the experimental period. Pigs fed GLU had higher average daily gain and average daily feed intake for the first two weeks and nutrient digestibility than pigs fed CON. In addition, dietary GLU increased villus height to crypt depth ratio, number of goblet cells, and ileal gene expression of claudin family and occludin compared with CON, but decreased serum TNF-α and IL-6 and ileal gene expression of TNF-α. Moreover, pigs fed GLU had increased relative composition of bacterial communities of genus

Indexed as

glutamic acidgut microbiotaileal gene expressionimmune responsesintestinal morphologynutrient digestibilityweaned pigs

Identifiers

PMID33671988
PMCPMC7919271
OpenAlexW3130616941

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.