ReviewBiomedicines2021
Metabolic Diseases and Down Syndrome: How Are They Linked Together?
Review in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Weight-loss interventions for adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2025Pooled it
- Tooth wear prevalence in individuals with Down syndrome: a systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Oral Microbiota Features in Subjects with Down Syndrome and Periodontal Diseases: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Assessing the Diagnostic Performance of Triglyceride-Glucose-Based Indices for Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome in Paediatric Down Syndrome.Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation in children with Down syndrome: clinical implications and emerging therapies.Current opinion in rheumatology · 2026Review
- Play to move: A mixed-methods prospective observational study of exergaming versus traditional exercise interventions in children with Down syndrome.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Observational
- Inflammation Associated With Obesity, Aging, and Amyloid Burden in Adults With Down Syndrome.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Article
- Endocrine and Digestive Disorders Arising in Childhood in Down Syndrome and Their Cross-Talk.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Altered Tonsillar Microbiome in Children with Down Syndrome and Obstructive Sleep Apnea.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Genome-wide cell type-specific and sex-specific transcriptional dysregulation in the islet of Langerhans underlies islet dysfunction in Down syndrome-related diabetes.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A Newborn With Down-Klinefelter Syndrome and Bilateral Congenital Cataracts Harboring a Novel MAPKAPK3 Mutation.Journal of vitreoretinal diseases · 2026Article
- Immunometabolic interactions in individuals with down syndrome across childhood, adolescence and adulthood in relation to their siblings.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Pro‑inflammatory insulin‑resistant lipid phenotype in down syndrome identified byScientific reports · 2025Article
- Pathophysiological Role of Vitamin D Deficiency in Down Syndrome: Insights into Metabolic Dysfunction and Sarcopenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Nutrition for Children with Down Syndrome-Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Clinical Recommendations-A Narrative Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- TcMAC21 mouse model recapitulates abnormal vascular physiology observed in humans with Down syndrome.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Metformin modulates oxidative stress via activation of AMPK/NF-κB signaling in Trisomy 21 fibroblasts: anFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Article
- The immunology of diabetic cardiomyopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Autoimmune, Autoinflammatory Disease and Cutaneous Malignancy Associations with Hidradenitis Suppurativa: A Cross-Sectional Study.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21, associated with intellectual disabilities. Down syndrome is associated with anomalies of both the nervous and endocrine systems. Over the past decades, dramatic advances in Down syndrome research and treatment have helped to extend the life expectancy of these patients. Improved life expectancy is obviously a positive outcome, but it is accompanied with the need to address previously overlooked complications and comorbidities of Down syndrome, including obesity and diabetes, in order to improve the quality of life of Down syndrome patients. In this focused review, we describe the associations between Down syndrome and comorbidities, obesity and diabetes, and we discuss the understanding of proposed mechanisms for the association of Down syndrome with metabolic disorders. Drawing molecular mechanisms through which Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes could be linked to Down syndrome could allow identification of novel drug targets and provide therapeutic solutions to limit the development of metabolic and cognitive disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.