ReviewCancers2021
Regulation of Antitumor Immune Responses by Exosomes Derived from Tumor and Immune Cells.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exosome RAB10 inhibits JAK1/STAT1 to hinder macrophage M1 polarization and promote tumor immune escape.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Sphingolipid metabolism and hematologic disorders: current understanding and future directions.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Immune cell-derived exosomes in cancer: double-edged mechanisms of antitumor immunity and tumor progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunocyte reprogramming empowers live-cell drug delivery: Mechanistic insights, delivery strategies, and clinical perspectives.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- The role of small extracellular vesicles in post-traumatic stress disorder.Global medical genetics · 2025Review
- Mesenchymal stem cells derived exosomes: a new era in cardiac regeneration.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Review
- Stem cell extracellular vesicles: a new dawn for anti-inflammatory treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Review
- Innovative Strategies to Combat 5-Fluorouracil Resistance in Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Phytochemicals and Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Glycolysis-cholesterol metabolic axis in immuno-oncology microenvironment: emerging role in immune cells and immunosuppressive signaling.Cell & bioscience · 2023Review
- Abscopal Effect, Extracellular Vesicles and Their Immunotherapeutic Potential in Cancer Treatment.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Nervous System Disorders: An Overview of Recent Advances.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Regulation of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Responses against Antigen-Specific Presentation.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Paediatric pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-derived exosomes regulate immune function in human T cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Article
- Bladder Cancer Extracellular Vesicles Elicit a CD8 T Cell-Mediated Antitumor Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- The emerging roles of exosomal long non-coding RNAs in bladder cancer.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Exosomes as smart drug delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Advanced and Innovative Nano-Systems for Anticancer Targeted Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid membrane-enclosed vesicles released by all cell types that act at the paracrine or endocrine level to favor cell differentiation, tissue homeostasis, organ remodeling and immune regulation. Their biosynthesis begins with a cell membrane invagination which generates an early endosome that matures to a late endosome. By inward budding of the late endosome membrane, a multivesicular body (MVB) with intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) is generated. The fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane releases ILVs into the extracellular space as exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 100 nm in diameter. The bilipid exosome membrane is rich in cholesterol, ceramides and phosphatidylserine and can be loaded with DNA, RNA, microRNAs, proteins and lipids. It has been demonstrated that exosome secretion is a common mechanism used by the tumor to generate an immunosuppressive microenvironment that favors cancer development and progression, allowing tumor escape from immune control. Due to their ability to transport proteins, lipids and nucleic acids from the cell that gave rise to them, exosomes can be used as a source of biomarkers with great potential for clinical applications in diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic areas. This article will review the latest research findings on exosomes and their contribution to cancer development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.