ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine: Efficacy in the Treatment of the COVID-19.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D supplementation to treat SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. Evidence from meta-analysis.Cardiology journal · 2022Pooled it
- Antimalarial compounds exhibit variant- and cell-type-specific activity against SARS-CoV-2 isolated in Panama.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the relationship of treatment and vaccination with prognosis in patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Review
- Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with severe COVID-19 registered in the ISARIC WHO clinical characterization protocol: A prospective, multinational, observational study.Journal of critical care · 2023Observational
- Roles of the ACE/Ang II/AT1R pathway, cytokine release, and alteration of tight junctions in COVID-19 pathogenesis.Tissue barriers · 2023Article
- Long-Term Symptoms after Mild Coronavirus Disease in Healthy Healthcare Professionals: A 12-Month Prospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Identification of potential COVID-19 treatment compounds which inhibit SARS Cov2 prototypic, Delta and Omicron variant infection.Virology · 2022Article
- Can anti-parasitic drugs help control COVID-19?Future virology · 2022Review
- Treatment paradigms in Parkinson's Disease and Covid-19.International review of neurobiology · 2022Article
- Current Potential Therapeutic Approaches against SARS-CoV-2: A Review.Biomedicines · 2021Review
- The Effects of Heterologous Immunization with Prime-Boost COVID-19 Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2.Vaccines · 2021Review
- Clinical significance of olfactory dysfunction in patients of COVID-19.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2021Review
- Autophagy, Unfolded Protein Response, and Neuropilin-1 Cross-Talk in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: What Can Be Learned from Other Coronaviruses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- COVID-19 combined with liver injury: Current challenges and management.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Review
- Lectin Pathway Mediates Complement Activation by SARS-CoV-2 Proteins.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Review of a controversial treatment method in the fight against COVID-19 with the example of Algeria.Bulletin of the National Research Centre · 2021Review
- Severity factors in Algerian patients hospitalized for COVID-19.La Tunisie medicaleArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Chloroquine (CQ) and its derivative, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), have attracted wide attention for treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, conflicting outcomes have been found in COVID-19 clinical trials after treatment with CQ or HCQ. To date, it remains uncertain whether CQ and HCQ are beneficial antiviral drugs for combating COVID-19. We performed a systematic review to depict the efficacy of CQ or HCQ for the treatment of COVID-19. The guidelines of PRISMA were used to conduct this systematic review. We searched through articles from PubMed, Web of Science and other sources that were published from 1 January 2020 to 31 October 2020. The search terms included combinations of human COVID-19, CQ, and HCQ. Eleven qualitative articles comprising of four clinical trials and seven observation studies were utilized in our systematic review. The analysis shows that CQ and HCQ do not have efficacy in treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. In addition, CQ and HCQ have caused life-threatening adverse reactions which included cardiac arrest, electrocardiogram modification, and QTc prolongation, particularly during the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19. Our systematic review suggested that CQ and HCQ are not beneficial antiviral drugs for curing patients with severe COVID-19. The treatment effect of CQ and HCQ is not only null but also causes serious side effects, which may cause potential cardiotoxicity in severe COVID-19 patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.