ReviewNutrients2021
Methylxanthines and Neurodegenerative Diseases: An Update.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- The potential role of adenosinergic pathway and methylxanthines in Parkinson's disease: Blowing in the wind or not.Purinergic signalling · 2026Review
- Effect of Transcutol P on Percutaneous Absorption of Gel Containing Pure Synthetic Caffeine or Plant-Extracted Natural Caffeine.Dermatology research and practice · 2026Article
- Heterocyclic Derivatives in Parkinson's Therapy: Recent Advances and Prospects.Medicinal chemistry (Shariqah (United Arab Emirates)) · 2026Review
- Optimization of the Ball Milling Process for Producing Superfine Green Tea Powder: An Analytic Hierarchy Process-Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Approach.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Progress in Methylxanthine Biosynthesis: Insights into Pathways and Engineering Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Untargeted urine metabolomics reveals dynamic metabolic differences and key biomarkers across different stages of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- The Neuroprotective Role of A2A Adenosine Purinoceptor Modulation as a Strategy Against Glioblastoma.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- The Potential of Plant Extracts Used in Cosmetic Product Applications-Antioxidants Delivery and Mechanism of Actions.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Biological potential and mechanisms of Tea's bioactive compounds: An Updated review.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Role of uric acid in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer and Parkinson disease: A new perspective.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2024Review
- Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans: an overview of recent findings.Neural regeneration research · 2024Article
- Comprehensive blood metabolomics profiling of Parkinson's disease reveals coordinated alterations in xanthine metabolism.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2024Article
- Caffeine Synthesis and Its Mechanism and Application by Microbial Degradation, A Review.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Propentofylline Improves Thiol-Based Antioxidant Defenses and Limits Lipid Peroxidation following Gliotoxic Injury in the Rat Brainstem.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Metabolomic Footprint of Disrupted Energetics and Amino Acid Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Perspectives for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of Therapy.Metabolites · 2023Review
- Design, Synthesis and Assay of Novel Methylxanthine-Alkynylmethylamine Derivatives as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Diet in the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease: Current Knowledge and Future Research Requirements.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Eating Habits and Disease Risk Factors.Nutrients · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Methylxanthines (MTX) are purine derived xanthine derivatives. Whereas naturally occurring methylxanthines like caffeine, theophylline or theobromine are widely consumed in food, several synthetic but also non-synthetic methylxanthines are used as pharmaceuticals, in particular in treating airway constrictions. Besides the well-established bronchoprotective effects, methylxanthines are also known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, mediate changes in lipid homeostasis and have neuroprotective effects. Known molecular mechanisms include adenosine receptor antagonism, phosphodiesterase inhibition, effects on the cholinergic system, wnt signaling, histone deacetylase activation and gene regulation. By affecting several pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases via different pleiotropic mechanisms and due to its moderate side effects, intake of methylxanthines have been suggested to be an interesting approach in dealing with neurodegeneration. Especially in the past years, the impact of methylxanthines in neurodegenerative diseases has been extensively studied and several new aspects have been elucidated. In this review we summarize the findings of methylxanthines linked to Alzheimer´s disease, Parkinson's disease and Multiple Sclerosis since 2017, focusing on epidemiological and clinical studies and addressing the underlying molecular mechanisms in cell culture experiments and animal studies in order to assess the neuroprotective potential of methylxanthines in these diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.