ReviewPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021
TIGIT/CD226 Axis Regulates Anti-Tumor Immunity.
Review in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 82 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
82 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- In or out of control: Modulating regulatory T cell homeostasis and function with immune checkpoint pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of human gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in patients with type 1 diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Trial
- A Phase II Study of Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy plus Atezolizumab plus Tiragolumab in Treatment-Naïve Patients with Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-TIGIT or an oncolytic virus in resectable stage IIIB-D melanoma: a phase 1/2 trial.Nature medicine · 2025Trial
- Emerging Immune-Based Therapeutic Strategies in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2026Review
- Article
- Beyond PD-1/PD-L1: Reprogramming the Gynecologic Tumor Microenvironment by Targeting TIGIT and Myeloid Suppression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Human tissue-resident CD8 T cells contribute to trophoblast homeostasis in health and during acute inflammation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Epithelial CD155-TIGIT/CD226 signaling links CD8⁺ T-cell exhaustion to frequent exacerbations in COPD.Respiratory research · 2026Observational
- DNAM-1 mediates NK-cell activation and host-pathogen interaction via direct binding to fungal cell wall proteases.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Glioblastoma-natural killer cell crosstalk: insights from dynamic spheroid models reveal the importance of secreted cytokines and the CD155 axis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- A human tumor-immune organoid model of glioblastoma.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Post-translational modifications of immune checkpoints: molecular mechanisms, tumor microenvironment remodeling, and therapeutic implications.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- Advances in Metabolic Reprogramming and Immune Regulatory Mechanisms in Lung Cancer.Oncology research · 2026Review
- TIGIT agonism as a therapeutic strategy to suppress inflammation in hidradenitis suppurativa.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Integrated bulk and single-cell transcriptomic profiling reveals NECTIN-TIGIT interaction underlies T cell exhaustion in papillary thyroid carcinoma.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Directions of Immunotherapy for Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Past, Present and Possible Future.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The role of immune checkpoints in modulating cancer stem cells anti-tumor immune responses: implications and perspectives in cancer therapy.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Review
- The Role of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy: Mechanism and Therapeutic Advances.MedComm · 2025Review
- Immune-based cancer therapies: mechanistic insights, clinical progress, and future directions.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Review
22 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tumors escape immune surveillance by inducing various immunosuppressive pathways, including the activation of inhibitory receptors on tumor-infiltrating T cells. While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) blocking programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been approved for multiple cancer indications, only a subset of patients benefit from immune checkpoint blockade therapies, highlighting the need for additional approaches. Therefore, the identification of new target molecules acting in distinct or complementary pathways in monotherapy or combination therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is gaining immense interest. T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM) domains (TIGIT) has received considerable attention in cancer immunotherapy. Recently, anti-TIGIT mAb (tiragolumab) has demonstrated promising clinical efficacy in non-small cell lung cancer treatment when combined with an anti-PD-L1 drug (Tecentriq), leading to phase III trial initiation. TIGIT is expressed mainly on T and natural killer cells; it functions as an inhibitory checkpoint receptor, thereby limiting adaptive and innate immunity. CD226 competes for binding with the same ligands with TIGIT but delivers a positive stimulatory signal to the immune cells. This review discusses the recent discoveries regarding the roles of TIGIT and CD226 in immune cell function and their potential application in cancer immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.