ReviewPharmaceutics2021
Penetration Enhancers for Topical Drug Delivery to the Ocular Posterior Segment-A Systematic Review.
Review in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Liposomal Drug Delivery in Ocular Therapy: Strategies for Enhancing Corneal Penetration and Bioavailability.Cells · 2026Review
- Continuous Suppression of Pathological Retinal and Choroidal Neovascularization in Cynomolgus Monkeys via Noninvasive Ophthalmic Delivery of a Novel Anti-VEGFA Nanobody and Proprietary Penetratin Analog Formulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Topical Ocular Drug Delivery: The Impact of Permeation Enhancers.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Peptide-Bound Aflibercept Eye Drops for Treatment of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Nonhuman Primates.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Article
- The benefits of photobiomodulation in animal models of multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Review
- Novel Approaches in the Drug Development and Delivery Systems for Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Review
- Alternative Routes of Administration for Therapeutic Antibodies-State of the Art.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Therapeutic antibodies - natural and pathological barriers and strategies to overcome them.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles as a Promising Drug Delivery Carrier for Topical Ocular Therapy-An Overview on Recent Advances.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Lipid Nanoparticles for the Posterior Eye Segment.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Selective Targeting and Tissue Penetration to the Retina by a Systemically Administered Vascular Homing Peptide in Oxygen Induced Retinopathy (OIR).Pharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Posterior Segment Ophthalmic Drug Delivery: Role of Muco-Adhesion with a Special Focus on Chitosan.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Patient preferences in retinal drug delivery.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
There is an unmet clinical need for eye drop formulations to efficiently treat the diseases of the posterior ocular segment by non-invasive topical administration. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature on ocular penetration enhancers and their ability to transfer drugs to the posterior segment of the eye in experimental studies. Our aim was to assess which penetration enhancer is the most efficient at delivering drugs to the posterior segment of the eye, when topically applied. We conducted a comprehensive search in three electronic databases (Ovid Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, and PubMed) to identify all the relevant manuscripts reported on ocular penetration enhancers based on the PRISMA guidelines. We identified 6540 records from our primary database search and filtered them per our inclusion/exclusion criteria to select a final list of 14 articles for qualitative synthesis. Of these, 11 studies used cell penetrating peptides (CPPs), 2 used chitosan, and 1 used benzalkonium chloride (BAC) as the penetration enhancer. Cationic and amphipathic CPPs, transactivator of transcription (TAT), and penetratin can be inferred to be the best among all the identified penetration enhancers for drug delivery to the fundus oculi via topical eye drop instillation. Further high-quality experimental studies are required to ascertain their quantitative efficacy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.