ReviewToxins2021
Botulinum Toxin Type A to Improve Facial Symmetry in Facial Palsy: A Practical Guideline and Clinical Experience.
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Botulinum toxin in peripheral facial paralysis: systematic review and rehabilitation perspectives.European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Guided Self-rehabilitation Contract vs conventional therapy in chronic peripheral facial paresis: VISAGE, a multicenter randomized controlled trial.BMC neurology · 2023Trial
- Review
- Skin Temperature as a Marker of Vasomotor Response and Restoration of Blood Flow After Aesthetic Botulinum Toxin Therapy in the Forehead.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Short-term Durability of Combined Botulinum Toxin Type A and Rehabilitation for Chronic Facial Asymmetry After Facial Nerve Palsy.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Bilateral muscle activation in postparalytic facial synkinesis: a cross-sectional high-resolution surface electromyography study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Textbook-Ultrasound-Cadaver: A Three-Step Learning Method in Facial Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Peripheral facial palsy: contemporary advances and unresolved debates in management from pathogenic mechanisms to tailored reconstruction.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Observational
- Three-Dimensional Photogrammetric Assessment of Facial Symmetry Improvement Following Botulinum Toxin Treatment in Patients with Facial Palsy: An Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Rehabilitation of facial nerve palsy combining neuromuscular retraining and botulinum toxin A injection: a tertiary referral centre experience and a new working protocol proposal.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
- Ultrasound assessment of botulinum toxin-A (BOTOX) injection into adult Arabian dromedary camels' lips: efficacy in detection and localization.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Anatomical consideration for botulinum toxin injection of the frontalis muscle based on analysis of intramuscular innervation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The role of Botulinum Toxin for the Management of post Parotidectomy Sialocele: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2025Article
- Review
- Botulinum toxin treatment for hemifacial spasm: harmonising neurological and aesthetic outcomes.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Review
- Article
- Clinical effect of botulinum toxin type A combined with autologous fat grafting in patients with nasolabial fold depression.World journal of clinical cases · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unilateral peripheral facial nerve palsy jeopardizes quality of life, rendering psychological consequences such as low self-esteem, social isolation, anxiety, and depression. Among therapeutical approaches, use of Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) on the nonparalyzed side has shown promising results and improvement of quality of life. Nevertheless, the correct technique is paramount, since over-injection of the muscles can result in lack of function, leading to a "paralyzed" appearance, and even worse, functional incompetence, which may cause greater distress to patients. Therefore, the objective of this article is to provide a practical guideline for botulinum toxin use in facial palsy. To this aim, adequate patient assessment, BoNT-A choice, injection plan and dosage, and injection techniques are covered.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.