ArticleViruses2021
Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus Is Omnipresent in Elephants in European Zoos and an Asian Elephant Range Country.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zoos as Sentinels? A Meta-Analysis of Seroprevalence of Terrestrial Mammalian Viruses in Zoos.EcoHealth · 2023Pooled it
- First evidence of clinical protection from an EEHV1A mRNA vaccine in naturally infected juvenile elephants.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Neutrophil extracellular traps offer a new therapeutic target for elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus-hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD).Communications biology · 2026Article
- A safe, T cell-inducing heterologous vaccine against elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus in a proof-of-concept study.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Severe Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 6 Associated Disease in Two African Elephants Under Human Care in Austria.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Article
- Elevated IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ levels in fatal elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus - hemorrhagic disease cases suggest an excessive proinflammatory cytokine response contributes to pathogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Asian elephant interferons alpha and beta and their anti-herpes viral activity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Epidemiological, serological, and viral genomic analysis of an outbreak of elephant hemorrhagic disease in Switzerland.PloS one · 2025Article
- Multi-Antigen Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) mRNA Vaccine Induces Humoral and Cell-Mediated Responses in Mice.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus gB-specific antibody levels in sera of Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Japanese zoos.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2024Article
- Article
- Direct detection of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus 1 (EEHV1) DNA in heparinized plasma by loop-mediated isothermal amplification.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2023Article
- Young elephants in a large herd maintain high levels of elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus-specific antibodies and do not succumb to fatal haemorrhagic disease.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
- Development of Nonstructural Protein-Based Indirect ELISA to Identify Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus (EEHV) Infection in Asian Elephants (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Article
- Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus 4 andAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Article
- Modified vaccinia Ankara expressing EEHV1A glycoprotein B elicits humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in mice.PloS one · 2022Article
- Exposure toPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Patterns of serum immune biomarkers during elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus viremia in Asian and African elephants.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Elephant endotheliotropic herpesviruses (EEHVs) may cause acute, often lethal, hemorrhagic disease (EEHV-HD) in young elephants. Prevalence of EEHV in different elephant populations is still largely unknown. In order to improve diagnostic tools for the detection of EEHV infections and to obtain insight into its spread among elephants, we developed novel ELISAs based on EEHV1A gB and gH/gL. Performance of the ELISAs was assessed using sera from 41 European zoo elephants and 69 semi-captive elephants from Laos, one of the Asian elephant range countries. Sera from all (sub)adult animals tested (≥5 years of age) showed high reactivity with both gB and gH/gL, indicating that EEHV prevalence has been highly underestimated so far. Reactivity towards the antigens was generally lower for sera of juvenile animals (1 > 5 years). Only one (juvenile) animal, which was sampled directly after succumbing to EEHV-HD, was found to be seronegative for EEHV. The two other EEHV-HD cases tested showed low antibody levels, suggesting that all three cases died upon a primary EEHV infection. In conclusion, our study suggests that essentially all (semi-)captive (sub)adult elephants in European zoos and in Laos carry EEHV, and that young elephants with low antibody levels are at risk of dying from EEHV-HD.
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