ArticleMetabolites2021
Variability of Lipids in Human Milk.
Article in Metabolites, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Circadian Composition of Breast Milk: A Natural Starting Point for Chrononutrition.Current nutrition reports · 2026Review
- Association Between Human Milk-Targeted Metabolites and Maternal Characteristics: Targeted Metabolomic Profiling of Human Milk in Low-Income Settings.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Ethnicity and antenatal maternal anxiety: associations with the human milk lipidome in a multi-ethnic Asian cohort.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Evaluating Metabolic Profiling of Human Milk Using Biocrates MxPMetabolites · 2025Article
- Lipid profile analysis of donkey milk during the lactation.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- Lipidomic Characterization of Whey Concentrates Rich in Milk Fat Globule Membranes and Extracellular Vesicles.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Progress of Mass Spectrometry-Based Lipidomics in the Dairy Field.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Defining the lipid profiles of human milk, infant formula, and animal milk: implications for infant feeding.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Comparative Analysis of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) Content in Mother's Milk of Term and Preterm Mothers.Nutrients · 2022Observational
- The Role of Human Milk Lipids and Lipid Metabolites in Protecting the Infant against Non-Communicable Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Healthy Breastfeeding Infants Consume Different Quantities of Milk Fat Globule Membrane Lipids.Nutrients · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lipids in breastmilk play a critical role in infant growth and development. However, few studies have investigated sources of variability of both high- and low-abundant milk lipids. The objective of our study was to investigate individual and morning-evening differences in the human milk lipidome. In this study, a modified two-phase method (MTBE: Methanol 7:2) was validated for the extraction of lipids from human breastmilk. This method was then applied to samples from a group of 20 healthy women to measure inter- and intra-individual (morning versus evening) variability of the breastmilk lipidome. We report here the levels of 237 lipid species from 13 sub-classes using reversed-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (RP-LCMS) and direct-infusion mass spectrometry (DI-MS). About 85% of lipid species showed stable inter-individual differences across time points. Half of lipid species showed higher concentrations in the evening compared with the morning, with phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) exhibiting the largest changes. In morning and evening samples, the biological variation was greater for diacylglycerols (DAGs) and TAGs compared with phospholipids and sphingolipids, and the variation in DAGs and TAGs was greater in evening samples compared with morning samples. These results demonstrate that variation in the milk lipidome is strongly influenced by individual differences and time of day.
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