Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33670158›Full record

ArticlePharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)2021

3D Printing of Mini Tablets for Pediatric Use.

Julius Krause, Laura Müller, Dorota Sarwinska, Anne Seidlitz, Malgorzata Sznitowska, Werner Weitschies

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  3. Structured engineering of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS)International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Julius KrauseDepartment of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Laura MüllerDepartment of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Dorota SarwinskaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80416 Gdansk, Poland.
Anne SeidlitzDepartment of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
Malgorzata SznitowskaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Medical University of Gdansk, 80416 Gdansk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-0866-0452
Werner WeitschiesDepartment of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-3492-7747

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the treatment of pediatric diseases, suitable dosages and dosage forms are often not available for an adequate therapy. The use of innovative additive manufacturing techniques offers the possibility of producing pediatric dosage forms. In this study, the production of mini tablets using fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based 3D printing was investigated. Two pediatric drugs, caffeine and propranolol hydrochloride, were successfully processed into filaments using hyprolose and hypromellose as polymers. Subsequently, mini tablets with diameters between 1.5 and 4.0 mm were printed and characterized using optical and thermal analysis methods. By varying the number of mini tablets applied and by varying the diameter, we were able to achieve different release behaviors. This work highlights the potential value of FDM 3D printing for the on-demand production of patient individualized, small-scale batches of pediatric dosage forms.

Indexed as

3D printingcaffeineFDMmini tabletspediatricspropranolol HCl

Identifiers

PMID33670158
PMCPMC7916857

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.