ReviewCancers2021
Adoptive Immunotherapy beyond CAR T-Cells.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gastrodin enhances the spleen immune function in erythroleukemia by regulating T-cell receptor signaling pathway.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2026Article
- Cell-based cancer immunotherapy: milestones, mechanistic insights, and emerging therapeutic directions.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Innovative biomaterial solutions for enhancing the efficacy of tumor immunotherapy.Immunologic research · 2026Review
- Adoptive T Cell therapy for cancer and autoimmune disease: current advances, challenges, and future directions.Oncology reviews · 2026Article
- CAR-T Cell Therapy: Pioneering Immunotherapy Paradigms in Cancer Treatment.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2026Review
- Adoptive T-Cell Therapy in Sarcomas.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Article
- Differentiating Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Natural Killer Cells for Adoptive Cell Immunotherapies-Comparative Characterization of Current Protocols.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Spatial heterogeneity of the hepatocellular carcinoma microenvironment determines the efficacy of immunotherapy.Discover oncology · 2025Review
- Universal CAR cell therapy: Challenges and expanding applications.Translational oncology · 2025Review
- Engineered immune cell therapies for solid tumors: pharmacological advances, clinical outcomes, and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Engaging T cells for cleanup.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Research advances on TIL therapy for colorectal cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- Advancing Immunotherapy in Pancreatic Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Phagocytosis Checkpoints in Glioblastoma: CD47 and Beyond.Current issues in molecular biology · 2024Review
- Current approaches in glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Review
- CRISPR, CAR-T, and NK: Current applications and future perspectives.Genes & diseases · 2024Review
- Immune Regulatory Networks and Therapy of γδ T Cells in Liver Cancer: Recent Trends and Advancements.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2024Review
- Metabolic engineering for optimized CAR-T cell therapy.Nature metabolism · 2024Review
- Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adoptive cell immunotherapy (ACT) is a vibrant field of cancer treatment that began progressive development in the 1980s. One of the most prominent and promising examples is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy for the treatment of B-cell hematologic malignancies. Despite success in the treatment of B-cell lymphomas and leukemia, CAR T-cell therapy remains mostly ineffective for solid tumors. This is due to several reasons, such as the heterogeneity of the cellular composition in solid tumors, the need for directed migration and penetration of CAR T-cells against the pressure gradient in the tumor stroma, and the immunosuppressive microenvironment. To substantially improve the clinical efficacy of ACT against solid tumors, researchers might need to look closer into recent developments in the other branches of adoptive immunotherapy, both traditional and innovative. In this review, we describe the variety of adoptive cell therapies beyond CAR T-cell technology, i.e., exploitation of alternative cell sources with a high therapeutic potential against solid tumors (e.g., CAR M-cells) or aiming to be universal allogeneic (e.g., CAR NK-cells, γδ T-cells), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and transgenic T-cell receptor (TCR) T-cell immunotherapies. In addition, we discuss the strategies for selection and validation of neoantigens to achieve efficiency and safety. We provide an overview of non-conventional TCRs and CARs, and address the problem of mispairing between the cognate and transgenic TCRs. Finally, we summarize existing and emerging approaches for manufacturing of the therapeutic cell products in traditional, semi-automated and fully automated Point-of-Care (PoC) systems.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.