ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Zinc Protoporphyrin Is a Reliable Marker of Functional Iron Deficiency in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Trial: Predicting Response to Iron Therapy in Patients With Active Inflammatory Bowel Disease Using Hepcidin and Functional Iron Indices: A Multicentre Randomised Trial.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2026Trial
- miRNA-210 expression is associated with iron deficiency and biochemical parameters in hemodialysis patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin fluorescence as an underrecognized prognostic marker of mortality in community-acquired pneumonia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Iron-related Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Management of Iron Disorders.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Iron nutrition and COVID-19 among Nigerian healthcare workers.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2024Article
- Zinc protoporphyrin levels in COVID-19 are indicative of iron deficiency and potential predictor of disease severity.PloS one · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) is a common manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), arising primarily due to chronic inflammation and/or blood loss. There is no gold standard for ID diagnosis, which is often complicated by concomitant inflammation. Zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP) correlates with parameters of iron homeostasis and has been identified as a promising marker for ID, irrespective of inflammation. We investigated the diagnostic performance of ZnPP in ID, iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease and mixed anemia in a cross-sectional study in 130 patients with IBD. Different parameters were compared by receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis as detectors of iron-restricted erythropoiesis (IRE). IRE was detected in 91 patients (70.0%); fifty-nine (64.8%) had absolute ID and 23 (25.4%) functional ID. When inflammation was present, ZnPP was a more reliable sole biomarker of IRE than MCV, transferrin saturation (TSAT) or ferritin (AUC; 0.855 vs. 0.763, 0.834% and 0.772, respectively). The specificity of TSAT was significantly lower than ZnPP when inflammation was present (38% vs. 71%, respectively). We conclude that ZnPP is a reliable biomarker of functional ID in patients with IBD and more dependable than ferritin or TSAT, which are influenced by chronic inflammation. We propose that ZnPP may also have utility in patients with other chronic diseases.
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