ReviewCells2021
Why Do We Not Assess Sympathetic Nervous System Activity in Heart Failure Management: Might GRK2 Serve as a New Biomarker?
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2024Pooled it
- Beyond β-Adrenergic Receptor Brake: Compartment-Selective GRK2 Programs from Heart Failure to Cardio-Oncology.Kinases and phosphatases · 2026Article
- Exploring the Role of Nesprin1 in isoproterenol-induced heart failure: Insights into pathogenesis and therapeutic implications.PloS one · 2026Article
- Autonomic Imbalance in Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure: From Neurobiology to Precision Neuromodulation.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Canonical or non-canonical, all aspects of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 in heart failure.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Review
- Hepatic-vascular crosstalk via GRK2: fenofibrate improves endothelial function by restoring lipid metabolism and NO signaling in obese mice.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Altering Calcium Sensitivity in Heart Failure: A Crossroads of Disease Etiology and Therapeutic Innovation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Cardioprotective Effects of the GRK2 Inhibitor Paroxetine on Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Remodeling by Modulating NF-κB Mediated Prohypertrophic and Profibrotic Gene Expression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Neurohumoral Activation in Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- The Sympathetic Nervous System in Hypertensive Heart Failure with Preserved LVEF.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Hypertensive Heart Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Sex/Gender- and Age-Related Differences in β-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Cardiovascular Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Review
- Biomarkers of Volume Overload and Edema in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) represents the end-stage condition of several structural and functional cardiovascular diseases, characterized by reduced myocardial pump function and increased pressure load. The dysregulation of neurohormonal systems, especially the hyperactivity of the cardiac adrenergic nervous system (ANS), constitutes a hallmark of HF and exerts a pivotal role in its progression. Indeed, it negatively affects patients' prognosis, being associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, with a tremendous burden on global healthcare systems. To date, all the techniques proposed to assess the cardiac sympathetic nervous system are burdened by intrinsic limits that hinder their implementation in clinical practice. Several biomarkers related to ANS activity, which may potentially support the clinical management of such a complex syndrome, are slow to be implemented in the routine practice for several limitations due to their assessment and clinical impact. Lymphocyte G-protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 2 (GRK2) levels reflect myocardial β-adrenergic receptor function in HF and have been shown to add independent prognostic information related to ANS overdrive. In the present manuscript, we provide an overview of the techniques currently available to evaluate cardiac ANS in HF and future perspectives in this field of relevant scientific and clinical interest.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.