ArticleBiomedicines2021
Statins Directly Influence the Polarization of Adipose Tissue Macrophages: A Role in Chronic Inflammation.
Article in Biomedicines, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Therapeutic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization for Diabetic Kidney Disease by Targeted Metabolic Reprogramming.Current medical science · 2026Review
- The Gut-Adipose-Tumor Axis in Obesity-Related Cancer.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Heart matters: How glucose- and lipid-modulating drugs remodel epicardial adipose tissue accumulation, inflammatory patterns and browning.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Review
- Review
- Impact of Long-Term Statin Therapy on Incidence and Severity of Community-Acquired Pneumonia: A Real-World Data Analysis.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Anti-inflammatory effect of fluvastatin on polarized macrophages and its dependence on the mevalonate pathway.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unraveling the Pleiotropic Role of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases.International journal of rheumatology · 2024Review
- New insights into the suppression of inflammation and lipid accumulation byGenes & diseases · 2023Review
- Exploring the Diversity of Visceral, Subcutaneous and Perivascular Adipose Tissue in a Vascular Surgery Population.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Article
- Role of Lipids and Lipid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer Progression and the Tumor's Immune Environment.Cancers · 2022Review
- Article
- Macrophages in Health and Non-Infectious Disease.Biomedicines · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Statins represent one of the most widely used classes of drugs in current medicine. In addition to a substantial decrease in atherogenic low density lipoprotein (LDL) particle concentrations, several large trials have documented their potent anti-inflammatory activity. Based on our preliminary data, we showed that statins are able to decrease the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages (CD14+16+CD36high) in visceral adipose tissue in humans. In the present study including 118 healthy individuals (living kidney donors), a very close relationship between the pro-inflammatory macrophage proportion and LDL cholesterol levels was found. This was confirmed after adjustment for the most important risk factors. The effect of statins on the proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages was also confirmed in an experimental model of the Prague hereditary hypercholesterolemia rat. A direct anti-inflammatory effect of fluvastatin on human macrophage polarization in vitro was documented. Based on modifying the LDL cholesterol concentrations, statins are suggested to decrease the cholesterol inflow through the lipid raft of macrophages in adipose tissue and hypercholesterolemia to enhance the pro-inflammatory macrophage phenotype polarization. On the contrary, due to their opposite effect, statins respond with anti-inflammatory activity, affecting the whole organism.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.