ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Implications of Endogenous Retroelements in the Etiopathogenesis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Affinity Peptide-Based Circularly Permuted Fluorescent Protein Biosensors Loaded in a Microfluidic System for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- A variant in RESF1 is associated with Addison's disease and multiple autoimmune syndrome in young Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retrievers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Role of Non-LTR Retrotransposons in Sterile Inflammation: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Article
- The systemic lupus erythematosus-associated NCF1Nature communications · 2025Article
- SETDB1 amplification in osteosarcomas: Insights from its role in healthy tissues and other cancer types.Oncotarget · 2025Review
- Cell-Specific Transposable Element and Gene Expression Analysis Across Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Phenotypes.ACR open rheumatology · 2024Article
- Article
- Expression of L1 retrotransposons in granulocytes from patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus.Mobile DNA · 2023Article
- Article
- Repeat Element Activation-Driven Inflammation: Role of NFκB and Implications in Normal Development and Cancer?Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Autoantibodies against the envelope proteins of endogenous retroviruses K102 and K108 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus correlate with active disease.Clinical and experimental rheumatology · 2022Article
- Transcriptomics and quantitative proteomics reveal changes after second stimulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages from lupus-prone MRL/lpr mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Current Progress in Treating Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Using Exosomes/MicroRNAs.Cell transplantationReview
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease. While its etiology remains elusive, current understanding suggests a multifactorial process with contributions by genetic, immunologic, hormonal, and environmental factors. A hypothesis that combines several of these factors proposes that genomic elements, the L1 retrotransposons, are instrumental in SLE pathogenesis. L1 retroelements are transcriptionally activated in SLE and produce two proteins, ORF1p and ORF2p, which are immunogenic and can drive type I interferon (IFN) production by producing DNA species that activate cytosolic DNA sensors. In addition, these two proteins reside in RNA-rich macromolecular assemblies that also contain well-known SLE autoantigens like Ro60. We surmise that cells expressing L1 will exhibit all the hallmarks of cells infected by a virus, resulting in a cellular and humoral immune response similar to those in chronic viral infections. However, unlike exogenous viruses, L1 retroelements cannot be eliminated from the host genome. Hence, dysregulated L1 will cause a chronic, but perhaps episodic, challenge for the immune system. The clinical and immunological features of SLE can be at least partly explained by this model. Here we review the support for, and the gaps in, this hypothesis of SLE and its potential for new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic options in SLE.
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