ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Capsules with Lyophilized Apple Powder.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Development ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Multitarget Phytocomplex: Focus on Antibacterial Profiles of Grape Pomace andAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Anthocyanin-Loaded Polymers as Promising Nature-Based, Responsive, and Bioactive Materials.Polymers · 2024Review
- Electrospun Food Polysaccharides Loaded with Bioactive Compounds: Fabrication, Release, and Applications.Polymers · 2023Review
- Optimization of Delivery and Bioavailability of Encapsulated Caffeic Acid.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Formulation and Biopharmaceutical Evaluation of Capsules Containing Freeze-Dried Cranberry Fruit Powder.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Apples are an important source of biologically active compounds. Consequently, we decided to model hard gelatin capsules with lyophilized apple powder by using different excipients and to evaluate the release kinetics of phenolic compounds. The apple slices of "Ligol" cultivar were immediately frozen in a freezer (at -35°C) with air circulation and were lyophilized with a sublimator at the pressure of 0.01 mbar (condenser temperature, -85°C). Lyophilized apple powder was used as an active substance filled into hard gelatin capsules. We conducted capsule disintegration and dissolution tests to evaluate the quality of apple lyophilizate-containing capsules of different encapsulating content. Individual phenolic compounds can be arranged in the following descending order according to the amount released from the capsules of different compositions: chlorogenic acid > rutin > avicularin > hyperoside > phloridzin > quercitrin > (-)-epicatechin > isoquercitrin. Chlorogenic acid was the compound that was released in the highest amounts from capsules of different encapsulating content: its released amounts ranged from 68.4 to 640.3 μg/mL. According to the obtained data, when hypromellose content ranged from 29% to 41% of the capsule mass, the capsules disintegrated within less than 30 min, and such amounts of hypromellose did not prolong the release of phenolic compounds. Based on the results of the dissolution test, the capsules can be classified as fast-dissolving preparations, as more than 85% of the active substances were released within 30 min.
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