ReviewNon-coding RNA2021
Endogenous Double-Stranded RNA.
Review in Non-coding RNA, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- The RNAi machinery regulates lovastatin biosynthesis via microRNA-like RNAs in industrialSynthetic and systems biotechnology · 2026Article
- Updated guide to RNA quantification by RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-qPCR.Molecules and cells · 2026Article
- Perturbation of RNA homeostasis impairs mitochondrial respiration during poxvirus infection through excess RNA accumulation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- ZNF274 constrains lineage plasticity and drives intrinsic resistance to CDK7 inhibitors in pancreatic cancer.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Sensing of double-stranded RNA in human cells: molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Endosome traffic in rheumatic diseases: mechanistic insights and therapeutic opportunities.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- RNA-triggered innate immunity: friend and foe.Frontiers in genetics · 2026Review
- Inducing tumor-intrinsic innate immune response to break cancer immunotherapy resistance.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Analysis of Endogenously Expressed Double-Stranded RNAs in Human Cultured Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Tumor clusters with divergent inflammation and human retroelement expression determine the clinical outcome of patients with serous ovarian cancer.Molecular oncology · 2025Article
- TRIM28 is a target for paramyxovirus V proteins.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The lncRNA EPIC1 suppresses dsRNA-induced type I IFN signaling and is a therapeutic target to enhance TNBC response to PD-1 inhibition.Science signaling · 2025Article
- Harnessing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA): a sustainable approach to pest management.Physiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2025Review
- Reactivation of retrotransposable elements is associated with environmental stress and ageing.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025Review
- Regulated localization of transposable element RNA during influenza A virus infection.EMBO reports · 2025Article
- Effective recognition of double-stranded RNA does not require activation of cellular inflammation.Science advances · 2025Article
- Neutrophil extracellular trap-derived double-stranded RNA aggravates PANoptosis in renal ischemia reperfusion injury.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Article
- Proteomic landscape of lung adenocarcinoma precancerous lesions reveals mitochondrial dsRNA-associated immune and stress responses.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Natural antisense transcripts as versatile regulators of gene expression.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2024Review
- Histone demethylase enzymes KDM5A and KDM5B modulate immune response by suppressing transcription of endogenous retroviral elements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The birth of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely associated with the presence and activation of repetitive elements in the genome. The transcription of endogenous retroviruses as well as long and short interspersed elements is not only essential for evolving lncRNAs but is also a significant source of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). From an lncRNA-centric point of view, the latter is a minor source of bother in the context of the entire cell; however, dsRNA is an essential threat. A viral infection is associated with cytoplasmic dsRNA, and endogenous RNA hybrids only differ from viral dsRNA by the 5' cap structure. Hence, a multi-layered defense network is in place to protect cells from viral infections but tolerates endogenous dsRNA structures. A first line of defense is established with compartmentalization; whereas endogenous dsRNA is found predominantly confined to the nucleus and the mitochondria, exogenous dsRNA reaches the cytoplasm. Here, various sensor proteins recognize features of dsRNA including the 5' phosphate group of viral RNAs or hybrids with a particular length but not specific nucleotide sequences. The sensors trigger cellular stress pathways and innate immunity via interferon signaling but also induce apoptosis via caspase activation. Because of its central role in viral recognition and immune activation, dsRNA sensing is implicated in autoimmune diseases and used to treat cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.