ArticleToxins2021
Toxic Effects of Fumonisins, Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone Alone and in Combination in Ducks Fed the Maximum EUTolerated Level.
Article in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mycotoxin Occurrence and Microbiological Quality of Maize Silage Supplemented with Insect Meals for Potential Use in Waterfowl Nutrition.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Article
- Curcumin Mitigates Fumonisin BToxins · 2026Article
- Liver Lipidomics, Histology, Transcriptomics, and Clinical Chemistry of Rats Intraperitoneally Treated with Fumonisin B1 for 5 days.Journal of agricultural and food chemistry · 2025Article
- Application of Yeasts as Pollutant Adsorbents.Current microbiology · 2025Review
- Article
- Zearalenone causes ovarian damage and abnormal estradiol secretion in meat rabbits by inducing oxidative stress and inflammatory responses.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Effects of the Maximum Recommended Levels of Fumonisins in the EU on Oxylipin Profiles in the Liver and Brain of Chickens.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of high doses of zearalenone on some antioxidant enzymes and locomotion of Tenebrio molitor larvae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae).Journal of insect science (Online) · 2024Article
- Review
- Individual and combined effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) with other Fusarium mycotoxins on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance and health.Mycotoxin research · 2023Article
- Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of deoxynivalenol for horses and poultry.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2023Article
- Effects of Dietary Milk Thistle (Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Estrogenic and Non-Estrogenic Disruptor Effect of Zearalenone on Male Reproduction: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Quercetagetin alleviates zearalenone-induced liver injury in rabbits through Keap1/Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Nutritional impact of mycotoxins in food animal production and strategies for mitigation.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2022Review
- Targeted Analysis of Sphingolipids in Turkeys Fed Fusariotoxins: First Evidence of Key Changes That Could Help Explain Their Relative Resistance to Fumonisin Toxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- FumDSB Can Reduce the Toxic Effects of Fumonisin BToxins · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toxic effects among fumonisins B (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) administered alone and combined were investigated in 84-day-old ducks during force-feeding. 75 male ducks, divided into five groups of 15 animals, received daily during the meal a capsule containing the desired among of toxin. Treated animals received dietary levels of toxins equivalent to 20 mg FB1+FB2/kg (FB), 5 mg DON/kg (DON), 0.5 mg ZEN/kg (ZEN) and 20, 5 and 0.5 mg/kg of FB, DON and ZEN (FBDONZEN), respectively. Control birds received capsules with no toxin. After 12 days, a decrease in body weight gain accompanied by an increase in the feed conversion ratio was observed in ducks exposed to FBDONZEN, whereas there was no effect on performances in ducks exposed to FB, DON and ZEN separately. No difference among groups was observed in relative organ weight, biochemistry, histopathology and several variables used to measure oxidative damage and testicular function. A sphinganine to sphingosine ratio of 0.32, 1.19 and 1.04, was measured in liver in controls and in ducks exposed to FB and FBDONZEN, respectively. Concentrations of FB1 in liver were 13.34 and 15.4 ng/g in ducks exposed to FB and FBDONZEN, respectively. Together ZEN and its metabolites were measured after enzymatic hydrolysis of the conjugated forms. Mean concentrations of α-zearalenol in liver were 0.82 and 0.54 ng/g in ducks exposed to ZEN and FBDONZEN, respectively. β-zearalenol was 2.3-fold less abundant than α-zearalenol, whereas ZEN was only found in trace amounts. In conclusion, this study suggests that decreased performance may occur in ducks exposed to a combination of FB, DON and ZEN, but does not reveal any other interaction between mycotoxins in any of the other variables measured.
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