ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Activation of the Interleukin-33/ST2 Pathway Exerts Deleterious Effects in Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Myxomatous Mitral Valve Degeneration.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Involvement of TGF-β, mTOR, and inflammatory mediators in aging alterations during myxomatous mitral valve disease in a canine model.GeroScience · 2025Review
- Proteomic analysis of human kidney biopsies unveils emerging acute kidney injury very early after liver graft reperfusion.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Serum Proteomic Profiles Reflect the Stages of Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease in Dogs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Editorial: Heart valve diseases: from molecular mechanisms to clinical implications.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Progress of Research into the Interleukin-1 Family in Cardiovascular Disease.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mitral valve disease (MVD) is a frequent cause of heart failure and death worldwide, but its etiopathogenesis is not fully understood. Interleukin (IL)-33 regulates inflammation and thrombosis in the vascular endothelium and may play a role in the atherosclerotic process, but its role in mitral valve has not been investigated. We aim to explore IL-33 as a possible inductor of myxomatous degeneration in human mitral valves. We enrolled 103 patients suffering from severe mitral regurgitation due to myxomatous degeneration undergoing mitral valve replacement. Immunohistochemistry of the resected leaflets showed IL-33 and ST2 expression in both valve interstitial cells (VICs) and valve endothelial cells (VECs). Positive correlations were found between the levels of IL-33 and molecules implicated in the development of myxomatous MVD, such as proteoglycans, extracellular matrix remodeling enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors), inflammatory and fibrotic markers. Stimulation of single cell cultures of VICs and VECs with recombinant human IL-33 induced the expression of activated VIC markers, endothelial-mesenchymal transition of VECs, proteoglycan synthesis, inflammatory molecules and extracellular matrix turnover. Our findings suggest that the IL-33/ST2 system may be involved in the development of myxomatous MVD by enhancing extracellular matrix remodeling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.