ArticleDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)2021
The Influence of Work Environment Factors on the OcularSurface in a One-Year Follow-Up Prospective Clinical Study.
Article in Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Occupational exposure to video display terminals: a systematic review of ocular and visual health effects and associated risk factors.Journal of occupational health · 2026Pooled it
- Bridging the gap in managing dry eye disease: a consensus report by the Taiwan society of cataract and refractive surgeons.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Guideline
- Mask-associated dry eye disease following short-term facemask wear with or without nasal bridge taping among health workers at a Nigerian tertiary care facility: a cross-over randomized clinical trial.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Trial
- Bridging Therapeutics and Nanotechnology in Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Risk Factors, Drug Delivery Barriers, and Recent and Future Endeavors for Disease Management.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Environmental Drivers of Dry Eye Disease: A Narrative Review of Pollutants, Climate, and Indoor Exposures with Practice Recommendations.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2026Review
- Comfort and Ocular Surface Impact of Verofilcon A Daily Disposable Contact Lenses in Satisfied Senofilcon A Daily Disposable Lens Wearers: A Prospective Non-Interventional Study [Letter].Clinical optometry · 2026Article
- Grading Scales of Conjunctival Inflammation.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Revised Concept for Ocular Surface Imprinting: Easy-to-Use Device for Morphological and Biomolecular-Based Differential Diagnosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Optimizing Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye Disease: A Practical Framework for Hong Kong.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Overview of Dry Eye Disease for Primary Care Physicians.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Safety and Efficacy of Photocatalytic Micro-Mist Desktop Humidifier for Dry Eye Caused by Digital Environment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of Emustil drops for ocular discomfort and tear film osmolarity using different treatment management modes under dry environmental conditions.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Influence of Environmental Factors with Clinical Signs and Symptoms in the Management of Dry Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Article
- Investigation of Inter- and Intra-Day Variability of Tear Fluid Regarding Flow Rate, Protein Concentration as well as Protein Composition.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Relationship between visual display terminal working hours and headache/eyestrain in Korean wage workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: the sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2023Article
- Review on the possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying visual display terminal-associated dry eye disease.Acta ophthalmologica · 2022Review
- Video display terminal use and dry eye: preventive measures and future perspectives.Acta ophthalmologica · 2022Review
- Editorial of Special Issue "Differential Diagnosis for Dry Eye".Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Meibomian Gland Morphology Changes After Cataract Surgery: A Contra-Lateral Eye Study.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of environmental working conditions on the symptoms and signs of dry eye disease and to examine whether and how those conditions impact the ocular surface.
methodsThis single-center, prospective clinical study with a 1-year follow-up included 150 patients. The following parameters were evaluated: non-invasive keratograph break-up time (NIKBUT), tear meniscus height (TMH), and conjunctival and limbal hyperemia. We also performed staining of the surface of the eye for simulated fluorescein images, Schirmer's test I, assessment of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD), and an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire.
resultsIn the OW (office workers) group, in people working > 4 h at the computer, the NIKBUT before work and the Schirmer test results were statistically significantly lower than in people working <4 h. The conjunctival hyperemia result before work was statistically significantly higher for people working >4 h at a computer in both groups and after work in the MW (medical workers) group. Low relative air humidity in the building and air-conditioned rooms negatively affects the tear film, causing the symptoms of dry eye disease. At the 1-year follow-up, there was a statistically significant reduction in conjunctival and limbal hyperemia in the OW group as well as a statistically significant reduction in TMH at the first examination before and after work, and in the second examination after 1 year in both groups.
conclusionsEnvironmental factors such as reduced relative air humidity, increased air temperature, and decreased illumination have a negative impact on the ocular surface.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.