ReviewToxins2021
Non-Digestible Oligosaccharides and Short Chain Fatty Acids as Therapeutic Targets against Enterotoxin-Producing Bacteria and Their Toxins.
Review in Toxins, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Enzymatic Production of Prebiotic Oligosaccharides from Agro-Industrial Waste: A Critical Review and Industrial Framework.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Kinetic Insights into Cholera Toxin B-Biomimetic Glycan Interactions.Biomacromolecules · 2026Article
- DisarmingPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Mushrooms as Nutritional Powerhouses: A Review of Their Bioactive Compounds, Health Benefits, and Value-Added Products.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effects of 3'-sialyllactose, saliva, and colostrum on Candida albicans biofilms.Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- Effects of Polymannuronic Acid on the Intestinal Microbiota in Mice after Long-Term Intragastric Administration.Marine drugs · 2024Article
- Impact of an oligosaccharide-based polymer on the metabolic profiles and microbial ecology of weanling pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Utilization of mannan oligosaccharides as antibiotic substitutes in laying hens.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2024Article
- Unlocking the power of short-chain fatty acids in ameliorating intestinal mucosal immunity: a new porcine nutritional approach.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and short-chain fatty acids in inflammatory bowel disease: key clues toward unraveling the mystery.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Causal relationship between gut microbiota and myasthenia gravis: a bidirectional mendelian randomization study.Cell & bioscience · 2023Article
- Article
- Pentosan Polysulfate Affords Pleotropic Protection to Multiple Cells and Tissues.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- The Burden of Survivors: How Can Phage Infection Impact Non-Infected Bacteria?International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- An exploration of alginate oligosaccharides modulating intestinal inflammatory networksFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Health Benefits and Side Effects of Short-Chain Fatty Acids.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Effect of Inulin-Type Fructans, Used in Synbiotic Combination with Lactobacillus spp. Against Candida albicans.Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2022Article
- Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Improvement of Alcoholic Hepatitis in Mice Treated WithFrontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Enterotoxin-producing bacteria (EPB) have developed multiple mechanisms to disrupt gut homeostasis, and provoke various pathologies. A major part of bacterial cytotoxicity is attributed to the secretion of virulence factors, including enterotoxins. Depending on their structure and mode of action, enterotoxins intrude the intestinal epithelium causing long-term consequences such as hemorrhagic colitis. Multiple non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs), and short chain fatty acids (SCFA), as their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, interact with enteropathogens and their toxins, which may result in the inhibition of the bacterial pathogenicity. NDOs characterized by diverse structural characteristics, block the pathogenicity of EPB either directly, by inhibiting bacterial adherence and growth, or biofilm formation or indirectly, by promoting gut microbiota. Apart from these abilities, NDOs and SCFA can interact with enterotoxins and reduce their cytotoxicity. These anti-virulent effects mostly rely on their ability to mimic the structure of toxin receptors and thus inhibiting toxin adherence to host cells. This review focuses on the strategies of EPB and related enterotoxins to impair host cell immunity, discusses the anti-pathogenic properties of NDOs and SCFA on EPB functions and provides insight into the potential use of NDOs and SCFA as effective agents to fight against enterotoxins.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.