ReviewAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Lycopene: A Critical Review of Digestion, Absorption, Metabolism, and Excretion.
Review in Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Bioactive Exploration in Functional Foods: Unlocking Nature's Treasures.Current pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2024Pooled it
- Bioactive Properties of Carotenoids in Ocular Diseases: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Effects.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Tomato-Derived Lycopene: From Phytochemistry and Extraction Technologies to Bioavailability and Nutraceutical Applications.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Tomato (Nutrients · 2026Review
- Review
- Next-Generation Hydrogels Integrating Natural Antioxidants and Microbiome Modulators for Improved Cancer Management.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Extraction of Lycopene from Tomato Peels Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Conjugation of the Extracted Lycopene with TiOACS omega · 2026Article
- Cubosomal nanoparticles of lycopene as a novel platform for enhancement in antioxidant and anticancer properties with a molecular docking study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial-targeted actions of lycopene: evidence, mechanisms and future directions.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Formulation, Characterization, and Lipolysis Properties of Lycopene-Loaded Self-Emulsifying Delivery Systems Based on Different Lipids.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effect of oil-enriched tomato powder and simvastatin on yolk cholesterol and color in laying hens.Journal of advanced veterinary and animal research · 2025Article
- Lycopene as a potential anticancer agent: Current evidence on synergism, drug delivery systems and epidemiology (Review).Oncology letters · 2025Review
- Effects of Lycopene Supplementation on Bone Tissue: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Preclinical Evidence.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Lycopene Alleviates Lipid Dysregulation, Oxidative Stress, and Hypercholesterolemia in Obese Rats Subjected to a High-Fat Diet.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Evaluation of antioxidant properties of lycopene isomers using density functional theory.Journal of molecular modeling · 2025Article
- Recent advances in carotenoid absorption, distribution, and elimination.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2025Review
- Associations Between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Plasma Carotenoid Concentrations and Skin Yellowness, a Validation Study.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2025Article
- Lycopene in male infertility.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Review
- Assessment of lycopene, polyphenols, antioxidant compounds, and activities in colored cherry tomato cultivars harvested in Korea.Food science and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Relationship between serum carotenoids and osteoarthritis or degenerative arthritis: A cross-sectional study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid that exhibits several health benefits. Epidemiological data support a correlation between lycopene intake and the attenuation of several chronic diseases, including certain types of cancers and cardiovascular diseases. It is currently unknown whether the beneficial effects are from the native structure of lycopene or its metabolic derivatives: lycopenals, lycopenols, and lycopenoic acids. This literature review focuses on the current research on lycopene digestion, absorption, metabolism, and excretion. This review primarily focuses on in vivo studies because of the labile nature and difficulty of studying carotenoids within in vitro experimental models. The studies presented address tissue accumulation of lycopene, the modification of bioavailability due to genetic and dietary factors, and lycopene cleavage by the enzymes ß-carotene oxygenase 1 (BCO1) and ß-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2). The current literature suggests that the majority of lycopene is cleaved eccentrically by BCO2, yet further research is needed to probe the enzymatic cleavage activity at the tissue level. Additionally, results indicate that single nucleotide polymorphisms and dietary fat influence lycopene absorption and thus modify its health effects. Further research exploring the metabolism of lycopene, the mechanisms related to its health benefits, and optimal diet composition to increase the bioavailability is required.
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Registered trials
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