ReviewAntibodies (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Antinuclear Autoantibodies in Health: Autoimmunity Is Not a Synonym of Autoimmune Disease.
Review in Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmunity and hernia mesh: fact or fiction?Hernia : the journal of hernias and abdominal wall surgery · 2023Pooled it
- Antinuclear antibody titre and its dynamics predict autoimmune disease progression in adults with immune thrombocytopenia.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Real-World Evaluation of ANA Testing Pathways: Serological Incompleteness and Comparison of Stepwise Versus Upfront Parallel Reflex Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Glucose Dysregulation as a Driver of Autoimmune Mimicry, Inflammation, and Psychiatric Symptoms: A Narrative Review.Biology · 2026Review
- Dysregulated soluble immune mediators and lupus-associated autoantibody specificities inform the development of immune indexes that characterise classified SLE transition and SLE disease activity.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Immunological Disorders: Gradations and the Current Approach in Laboratory Diagnostics.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Polyautoimmunity Reflecting Immune Dysregulation in Common Variable Immunodeficiency.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Clinical Characteristics of ASIA Syndrome in Patients with Silicone Breast Implants: A Scoping Review.World journal of plastic surgery · 2025Review
- Sex-specific relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and antinuclear antibodies in U.S. adults, NHANES 2001-2004.BMC immunology · 2024Article
- Article
- Assessing serum anti-nuclear antibodies HEp-2 patterns in synucleinopathies.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- Clinical features and visual prognosis of very late-onset neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder-related optic neuritis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of antinuclear antibody testing by indirect immunofluorescence or solid-phase assays in a Spanish population: the Camargo Cohort.Immunologic research · 2024Article
- Calprotectin: two sides of the same coin.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2024Review
- Article
- Safety assessment, radioiodination and preclinical evaluation of antinuclear antibody as novel medication for prostate cancer in mouse xenograft model.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Significance of Autoantibody Seropositivity in Children with Wilson's Disease.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Autoantibody Correlation Signatures in Fibromyalgia and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Association with Symptom Severity.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Specific Autoantibodies and Microvascular Damage Progression Assessed by Nailfold Videocapillaroscopy in Systemic Sclerosis: Are There Peculiar Associations? An Update.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Osteoimmunology: The effect of autoimmunity on fracture healing and skeletal analysis.Forensic science international. Synergy · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The incidence of autoimmune diseases is increasing. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) testing is a critical tool for their diagnosis. However, ANA prevalence in healthy persons has increased over the last decades, especially among young people. ANA in health occurs in low concentrations, with a prevalence up to 50% in some populations, which demands a cutoff revision. This review deals with the origin and probable physiological or compensatory function of ANA in health, according to the concept of immunological clearance, theory of autoimmune regulation of cell functions, and the concept of functional autoantibodies. Considering ANA titers ≤1:320 as a serological marker of autoimmune diseases seems inappropriate. The role of anti-DFS70/LEDGFp75 autoantibodies is highlighted as a possible anti-risk biomarker for autoimmune rheumatic disorders. ANA prevalence in health is different in various regions due to several underlying causes discussed in the review, all influencing additive combinations according to the concept of the mosaic of autoimmunity. Not only are titers, but also HEp-2 IFA) staining patterns, such as AC-2, important. Accepting autoantibodies as a kind of bioregulator, not only the upper, but also the lower borders of their normal range should be determined; not only their excess, but also a lack of them or "autoimmunodeficiency" could be the reason for disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.