ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
The Psychological Consequences of COVID-19 Fear and the Moderator Effects of Individuals' Underlying Illness and Witnessing Infected Friends and Family.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- Fear of COVID-19, stress and depression: A meta-analytic test of the mediating role of anxiety.Psychology and psychotherapy · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence of depressive symptoms among Chinese university students amid the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Epidemiology and psychiatric sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Impacts of personal or family COVID-19 infection on health-related quality of life among patients with opioid use disorder.Journal of substance use · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Acute Stress Disorder Among Adults Ever Infected With COVID-19 During the Ending Phase of the Pandemic in 7 Chinese Cities: Cross-Sectional Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Article
- Public Recognition of Emergencies and Appropriate Ambulance Use in Riyadh: A Cross-Sectional Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Mediating Role of Humor in Relation With COVID-19 Fear, Anxiety and Depression of Bangladeshi People: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Nurses' Knowledge and Anxiety About Human Monkeypox Virus Infection: A Cross-Sectional Study.Nursing & health sciences · 2025Article
- Assessing COVID-19-Related Psychological Distress: Validation of the AMICO Scale in Spanish Nursing University Students.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Home-based newborn care program braving the brunt of COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-method study.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- The impact of COVID-19 fear during the later stages of the pandemic on maladaptive eating, psychological distress and body weight: a global cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2025Observational
- Understanding the Relationships Between Fear of COVID-19, Depression, Loneliness, and Life Satisfaction in Türkiye: Testing Mediation and Moderation Effects.Nursing open · 2025Article
- Incidence of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents following COVID-19 infection.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being of middle-aged and older Europeans.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Artificial intelligence (AI) -integrated educational applications and college students' creativity and academic emotions: students and teachers' perceptions and attitudes.BMC psychology · 2024Article
- Factors that influence happiness of nursing students according to COVID-19 infection status.BMC nursing · 2024Article
- Delayed Access to Medical Care and Psychological Distress among Chinese Immigrants in Canada during the Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Chinese People During the Omicron Outbreak and Its Impact on Sleep Quality and Alcohol Dependency.Alpha psychiatry · 2024Article
- Working from home and mental well-being at different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic.PloS one · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The COVID-19 virus has become a fearful epidemic for people all over the world. In Turkey, long quarantine periods and curfews have increased both physical and psychological problems. Due to the rapid spread and substantial impact of the COVID-19 virus, different psychological effects were observed among different segments of society, such as among young people, elderly people, and active workers. Because of fear caused by the COVID-19 virus, it is thought that depression, stress, and anxiety levels have increased. It is estimated that there are more psychological issues for people with poor health and others whose friends or family became ill or have died because of COVID-19. To explore and test the situation mentioned above, we conducted a cross-sectional study in Turkey with 3287 participants above 16 years old. We measured COVID-19 fear, along with anxiety, stress, and depression levels (DASS21) and demographics. Firstly, we tested whether COVID-19 fear predicts stress, anxiety, and depression. Secondly, we investigated if the effect of COVID-19 fear is stronger for those who have underlying illness and for those whose friends or family became ill or have died because of COVID-19. The results showed that women and 16-25 years old youths have higher COVID-19-related fear, anxiety, depression, and stress. Furthermore, we found a significant relationship between COVID-19 fear and stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as significant moderation effects of having an underlying illness and having friends or family who were infected or have died. These results show the importance of implementing specific implementations, particularly for vulnerable groups, to minimize the psychological problems that may arise with the pandemic.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.