ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Inverted U-Curve Association between Serum Indoxyl Sulfate Levels and Cardiovascular Events in Patients on Chronic Hemodialysis.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Analytical and clinical validation of a competitive ELISA for serum indoxyl sulfate and its clinical association with chronic kidney disease risk stratification.Renal failure · 2026Article
- The impact of PMScientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- The Protective Effects of Lipid-Lowering Agents on Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality in Maintenance Dialysis Patients: Propensity Score Analysis of a Population-Based Cohort Study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundProtein-bound uremic toxins are associated with cardiovascular disease and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease. We investigated their association with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (CHD).
methodsA prospective cohort study was conducted on 86 Taiwanese patients undergoing CHD. The predictors were indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate concentrations, with each analyzed as three tertiles. Outcomes were cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality.
resultsDuring a 25-month follow up period, there were 23 cardiovascular events and seven all-cause mortality events. In the crude survival analysis, the second indoxyl sulfate tertile was shown to be a powerful predictor of cardiovascular events compared with the third tertile (hazard ratio (HR), 3.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10-8.94), and the first tertile was shown to have a poor but insignificant cardiovascular outcome (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.30-4.00). Moreover, the predictive power of the second indoxyl sulfate tertile for cardiovascular events remained after adjustment for confounders (HR, 5.42; 95% CI, 1.67-17.60).
conclusionsAn inverse U-curve relationship was observed between the total serum indoxyl sulfate level and cardiovascular events in our CHD patients. A large-scale study is needed to confirm this relationship.
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