Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33668288›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

The Incidence of Healthcare-Associated Infections, Their Clinical Forms, and Microbiological Agents in Intensive Care Units in Southern Poland in a Multicentre Study from 2016 to 2019.

Elżbieta Rafa, Marta Z Wałaszek, Michał J Wałaszek, Adam Domański, Anna Różańska

Open access · goldAbstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.5field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Nursing Students' Knowledge Among Healthcare-Associated Infections: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025
    Pooled it
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  12. The immune responses to differentFrontiers in immunology · 2022
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Elżbieta RafaState Higher Vocational School in Nowy Sącz, 33-300 Kraków, Poland.
Marta Z WałaszekState Higher Vocational School in Tarnów, St. Luke Provincial Hospital in Tarnów, 33-100 Tarnów, Poland.
Michał J WałaszekPolish Society of Hospital Infections, 31-121 Kraków, Poland.
Adam DomańskiDepartment of Distributed Systems and IT Equipment, Electronics and Computer Science, Faculty of Automatic Control, The Silesian Technical University, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
Anna RóżańskaChair of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta str. 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland.
Akademia Tarnowska · PLJagiellonian University · PLPaństwowa Wyższa Szkoła Zawodowa w Nowym Sączu · PLSilesian University of Technology · PL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionHealthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a serious problem of modern medicine. Patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs) develop HAI significantly more often than patients in other hospital units. MATERIALS AND

methodsAnalysis involved HAIs from three ICUs in southern Poland. The study was conducted in 2016-2019 on the basis of methodology recommended by the Healthcare-Associated Infections Surveillance Network (HAI-Net) and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). The objective was to analyse HAIs, their clinical forms, and microbiological agents.

resultsThe study included 3028 patients hospitalized for 26,558 person-days (pds) in ICU. A total of 540 HAIs were detected; incidence per 100 hospitalizations was 17.8%, incidence density per 1000 pds was 20.3. The mortality of patients with HAI was 16%, and in

conclusionsA two-fold higher incidence rate of BSI was detected compared to the average incidence in European countries. BSI of unknown source (BSI-UNK) was predominant.

Indexed as

Cross InfectionPneumonia, Ventilator-AssociatedUrinary Tract InfectionsDelivery of Health CareEuropeHumansIncidenceIntensive Care UnitsPolandAcinetobacter baumanniibloodstream infectionhealthcare-associated infections (HAI)intensive care unit (ICU)Klebsiella pneumoniaepneumoniaurinary tract infection

Identifiers

PMID33668288
PMCPMC7956275
OpenAlexW3132835296

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.