ReviewCells2021
The Many Facets of Therapy Resistance and Tumor Recurrence in Glioblastoma.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current trends in reoperation for recurrent glioblastoma: a meta-analysis (2007-2023).Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Are EGFR monoclonal antibodies associated with clinical benefits in patients with glioma: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and specific analysis on glioblastoma and diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Trichodermin exhibits potent anti-glioblastoma activity by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, suppressing invasion, and enhancing temozolomide efficacy.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Improved Method for Obtaining Patient-Derived Glioblastoma Organoid and Primary Cells: A Generic and Simplified Approach for Intracranial Tumor With Minimized Input.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Ammonia-induced cell death patterns in glioblastoma: Immune landscape, prognostic signature, and therapeutic target identification.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Deciphering LonP1's role in glioblastoma: an alternative mechanism of treatment resistance.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2026Article
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis and age-based survival comparison among glioblastoma (GBM) patients: a two-center cohort study.Acta neurochirurgica · 2026Article
- Article
- Modeling blood-brain barrier-glioblastoma interactions: implications for chemoresistance and therapeutic targeting.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- ELF3 drives glioblastoma multiforme progression through the regulation of MXRA8 expression.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Precision Immunotherapeutics for Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Emerging Strategies in 2026.Cells · 2026Review
- Review
- Modulation of Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway by Aesculus hippocastanum Extract Enhances Temozolomide Sensitivity in Glioblastoma Cells.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Review
- Targeting brain tumours with precision: advances in magnetic nanoparticle therapy.Nanoscale advances · 2026Review
- Combinatorial treatment of glioblastoma with temozolomide (TMZ) plus 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU).Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- TREM1 unleashes immunosuppression in glioma: targeting macrophage polarization as a new therapeutic vulnerability.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- AI-driven network pharmacology and multi-omics validation identify KCNH2 as a prognostic biomarker and candidate therapeutic vulnerability of Acorus tatarinowii in glioblastoma.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- The glioblastoma ecosystem: clonal evolution, heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal type of primary brain cancer. Standard care using chemo- and radio-therapy modestly increases the overall survival of patients; however, recurrence is inevitable, due to treatment resistance and lack of response to targeted therapies. GBM therapy resistance has been attributed to several extrinsic and intrinsic factors which affect the dynamics of tumor evolution and physiology thus creating clinical challenges. Tumor-intrinsic factors such as tumor heterogeneity, hypermutation, altered metabolomics and oncologically activated alternative splicing pathways change the tumor landscape to facilitate therapy failure and tumor progression. Moreover, tumor-extrinsic factors such as hypoxia and an immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) are the chief causes of immunotherapy failure in GBM. Amid the success of immunotherapy in other cancers, GBM has occurred as a model of resistance, thus focusing current efforts on not only alleviating the immunotolerance but also evading the escape mechanisms of tumor cells to therapy, caused by inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Here we review the various mechanisms of therapy resistance in GBM, caused by the continuously evolving tumor dynamics as well as the complex TME, which cumulatively contribute to GBM malignancy and therapy failure; in an attempt to understand and identify effective therapies for recurrent GBM.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.