ArticlePLoS biology2021
Reexposure to a sensorimotor perturbation produces opposite effects on explicit and implicit learning processes.
Article in PLoS biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic investigation reveals dissociable effects of ageing on implicit and explicit components of sensorimotor learning.Nature human behaviour · 2026Pooled it
- Implicit sensorimotor adaptation comprises distinct mechanisms for action selection and execution.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Instrumental-Motor Transfer: The Relative Value of Competing Movement Goals Modulates Implicit Motor Learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cervical spinal cord stimulation disrupts proprioception yet improves voluntary arm reaching.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Anxiety disorders alter cognitive-motor integration during visuomotor adaptation and retention.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- Automatic, But Not Autonomous: Implicit Adaptation Is Modulated by Goal-Directed Attentional Demands.eNeuro · 2026Article
- The retrieval of previously learned motor memories is facilitated by the reinstatement of default mode network manifold structures.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Sequential gait interventions reveal non-reciprocal transfer between instructional and sensorimotor adaptation mechanisms.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Modeling human visuomotor adaptation with a disturbance observer framework.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Target configuration determines how and what we learn during sensorimotor adaptation.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Dissociable sensory, motor, and visuomotor predictive functions.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Contextual effects during sensorimotor adaptation are an emergent property of population coding in a cerebellar-inspired model.Science advances · 2025Article
- Savings in visuomotor learning are associated with connectivity changes within a cerebello-thalamo-cortical network encoding movement errors.Brain structure & function · 2025Article
- Attention Defines the Context for Implicit Sensorimotor Adaptation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Protection of savings by reducing the salience of opposing errors.NPJ science of learning · 2025Article
- Time Alters Distinct Memories Driven by Sensory Prediction Errors and Task Errors in Sensorimotor Adaptation.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Indirect feedback hinders explicit sensorimotor adaptation.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The motor system demonstrates an exquisite ability to adapt to changes in the environment and to quickly reset when these changes prove transient. If similar environmental changes are encountered in the future, learning may be faster, a phenomenon known as savings. In studies of sensorimotor learning, a central component of savings is attributed to the explicit recall of the task structure and appropriate compensatory strategies. Whether implicit adaptation also contributes to savings remains subject to debate. We tackled this question by measuring, in parallel, explicit and implicit adaptive responses in a visuomotor rotation task, employing a protocol that typically elicits savings. While the initial rate of learning was faster in the second exposure to the perturbation, an analysis decomposing the 2 processes showed the benefit to be solely associated with explicit re-aiming. Surprisingly, we found a significant decrease after relearning in aftereffect magnitudes during no-feedback trials, a direct measure of implicit adaptation. In a second experiment, we isolated implicit adaptation using clamped visual feedback, a method known to eliminate the contribution of explicit learning processes. Consistent with the results of the first experiment, participants exhibited a marked reduction in the adaptation function, as well as an attenuated aftereffect when relearning from the clamped feedback. Motivated by these results, we reanalyzed data from prior studies and observed a consistent, yet unappreciated pattern of attenuation of implicit adaptation during relearning. These results indicate that explicit and implicit sensorimotor processes exhibit opposite effects upon relearning: Explicit learning shows savings, while implicit adaptation becomes attenuated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.