ArticleEuropean radiology2021
Development of a pediatric liver CEUS criterion to classify benign and malignant liver lesions in pediatric patients: a pilot study.
Article in European radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intracavernous and Intravenous Use of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Children: A Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature.Pediatric discovery · 2026Article
- A Preliminary Study on Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound Characteristics of Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms and Pancreatoblastoma in Children.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of hepatic infantile hemangiomas: the potential of contrast-enhanced ultrasound.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Pediatric contrast-enhanced ultrasound in clinical practice: evidence maturity and workflow integration.Frontiers in radiology · 2026Review
- Microvascular Imaging of Hepatic Hemangiomas.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Review on Pediatric Malignant Focal Liver Lesions with Imaging Evaluation: Part I.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Utility of the pediatric liver contrast-enhanced ultrasound criteria in differentiating malignant and benign multifocal lesions.Pediatric radiology · 2023Article
- Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound as a Main Radiological Diagnostic Method for Primary Liver Neoplasms and Hemangiomas.Cureus · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo analyze the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) characteristics of pediatric patients with focal liver lesions (FLLs) and develop a pediatric liver CEUS criterion to improve the diagnostic performance of CEUS in differentiating pediatric benign and malignant liver lesions.
methodsBetween March 2011 and May 2020, patients < 18 years who underwent CEUS were retrospectively evaluated. The CEUS characteristics of FLLs were analyzed. A pediatric liver CEUS criterion categorized as CEUS-1 to CEUS-5 was developed. The diagnostic performance of the criterion (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV) was assessed. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used.
resultsAfter exclusion, the study included 130 lesions (mean diameter, 7.1 cm; range, 0.8-17.0 cm) from 130 patients (mean age, 36.0 months; range, 0.03-204.0 months; 74 boys). Hyperenhancement with washout in patients < 5 years or with early washout (≤ 45 s) was used to predict hepatoblastoma, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 77.9%, 97.4%) and 93.6% (95% CI: 84.3%, 98.2%), respectively. Peripheral discontinuous globular hyperenhancement was used to diagnose hemangioma, with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.6% (95% CI: 65.1%, 95.6%) and 100% (95% CI: 95.4%, 100.0%), respectively. The rates of malignancies within the pediatric liver CEUS-1, CEUS-2, CEUS-3, CEUS-4, and CEUS-5 categories were 0.0%, 0.0%, 5.6%, 50.0%, and 96.1%, respectively. Besides, the incidences of hepatoblastoma in pediatric liver CEUS-3, CEUS-4, and CEUS-5 were 5.6%, 16.7%, and 67.5%, respectively.
conclusionsThe pediatric liver CEUS criterion is useful in differentiating benign focal liver lesions from malignancies, especially hepatoblastoma from hemangioma. KEY POINTS: • Hyperenhancement with washout in patients <v5 years or with early washout (≤ 45 s) were used to predict hepatoblastoma, with a sensitivity and specificity of 90.7% and 93.6%. • Peripheral discontinuous globular hyperenhancement was used to diagnose hemangioma, with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.6% and 100.0%. • The rates of malignancies within the pediatric liver CEUS-1, CEUS -2, CEUS-3, CEUS-4, and CEUS-5 categories were 0.0%, 0.0%, 5.6%, 50.0%, and 96.1%, respectively.
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