ArticleFrontiers in psychology2021
Superior Performance in Skilled Golfers Characterized by Dynamic Neuromotor Processes Related to Attentional Focus.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- Neurocognitive and Autonomic Signatures of Performance Under Motivational Stress: An Integrated Psychophysiological Analysis of Reward and Punishment in Shooting Performance.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2026Article
- Switching focus enhances swimming performance and attentional flexibility in beginner swimmers.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Comparison of internal vs. external vs. holistic attentional focus in golf putting performance among children: the role of skill level.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Cortical inhibition and activation during sensorimotor tasks in an aquatic environment: a pilot EEG study based on expert-novice paradigm.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2026Article
- Mindfulness training modulates EEG oscillations and improves shooting accuracy in competitive stress.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics of alpha-band cortico-cortical coherence during motor preparation for successful and unsuccessful football penalty kicks.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Review
- EEG coherence signatures of sport-specific motor imagery in elite freestyle skiing aerials athletes.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Temporal and situational analysis of 7-m shots in elite handball: a multi-season study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Attentional focus strategies and motor performance in young adolescents investigating role of task difficulty.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Amateurs exhibit greater psychomotor efficiency than novices: evidence from EEG during a visuomotor task.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Neuromotor mechanisms of successful football penalty kicking: an EEG pilot study.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Investigating the isolated effects of a soccer-specific mental fatigue manipulation on different task types.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Article
- Temporal samples of visual information guides skilled interception.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- A new EEG neurofeedback training approach in sports: the effects function-specific instruction of Mu rhythm and visuomotor skill performance.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Neurofeedback training: Decreases in Mu rhythm lead to improved motor performance in complex visuomotor skills.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Attentional Focus Instructions Do Not Affect Choice Reaction Time.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The meshed control theory assumes that cognitive control and automatic processes work together in the natural attention of experts for superior performance. However, the methods adopted by previous studies limit their capacity to provide in-depth information on the neuromotor processes. This experiment tested the theory with an alternative approach. Twelve skilled golfers were recruited to perform a putting task under three conditions: (1) normal condition, with no focus instruction (NC), (2) external focus of attention condition (EC), and (3) internal focus of attention condition (IC). Four blocks of 10 putts each were performed under each condition. The putting success rate and accuracy were measured and electroencephalographies (EEGs) were recorded. The behavioral results showed that the NC produced a higher putting success rate and accuracy than the EC and IC. The EEG data showed that the skilled golfers' attentional processes in the NC initially resembled those in the EC and then moved toward those in the IC just before putting. This indicates a switch from more automatic processes to cognitive control processes while preparing to putt. The findings offer support for the meshed control theory and indicate the dynamic nature of neuromotor processes for the superior performance of athletes in challenging situations.
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