ArticleNature medicine2021
Resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants to neutralization by monoclonal and serum-derived polyclonal antibodies.
Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 681 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
681citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
63.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
681 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 1,008 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acquired hemophilia A following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: clinical summary and insights.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026Pooled it
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 glyco-humanized polyclonal antibody XAV-19: phase II/III randomized placebo-controlled trial shows acceleration to recovery for mild to moderate patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Intravenous (Human) Investigational Product (COVID-HIGIV) in Healthy Adults: a Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blinded, Phase 1 Study.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2023Trial
- Viral clearance, pharmacokinetics and tolerability of ensovibep in patients with mild to moderate COVID-19: A phase 2a, open-label, single-dose escalation study.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2023Trial
- Scalable Production of aPharmaceutics · 2026Article
- The SARS-CoV-2 S2'-helix compared to stem helix confers higher genetic barrier to antibody resistance.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Renaissance of antiviral CD8Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Inhaled Virus-Mimicking Particles Elicit Dose-Dependent Immune Response against SARS-CoV-2 with Sex-Bias ACE2 Activity in Mice.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Fc-engineered antibodies enhance protection against SARS-CoV-2 lung infection and inflammation.mBio · 2026Article
- Impact of timely vaccination and genomic surveillance on controlling consecutive waves of SARS-CoV-2 variants.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Epitope-focused discovery of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that potently neutralize Omicron variants.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Pathological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 variants and immune responses induced in a COVID-19 macaque model.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Molecular docking and dynamic simulation of marine natural products from soft coral-derived microbes against SARS-CoV-2 main protease and spike protein.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The computationally designed TRI2-2 miniprotein inhibitor protects against multiple SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Genome surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB subvariants in Wuhan in June 2023.Archives of virology · 2026Article
- Age-dependent immune profiles and variant-driven humoral alterations across two SARS-CoV-2 epidemic phases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Structural and functional dissection of neutralisation differences among SARS-CoV-2 variants using antigenicity prediction and CR3022 binding analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Determinants of success and failure of antibody-based strategies against respiratory viruses: insights from RSV and SARS-CoV-2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Monocyte-eosinophil signaling axis promotes vaccine-mediated protection against SARS-CoV-2.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
621 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
32 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Rita E Chen *Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Xianwen Zhang *Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
James Brett CaseDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7331-5511
Emma S WinklerDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Yang LiuDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
Laura A VanBlarganDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Jianying LiuDepartments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
John M ErricoDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Xuping XieDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-016X
Naveenchandra SuryadevaraVanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2571-1290
Pavlo GilchukVanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
Seth J ZostVanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-5076
Stephen TahanDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Lindsay DroitDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Jackson S TurnerDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Wooseob KimDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9199-1000
Aaron J SchmitzDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8077-6751
Mahima ThapaDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
David WangDepartment of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Adrianus C M BoonDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Rachel M PrestiDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5469-0727
Jane A O'HalloranDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Alfred H J KimDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-0516
Parakkal DeepakDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3436-9784
Dora PintoHumabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
Daved H FremontDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-2689
James E CroweVanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-1079
Davide CortiHumabs BioMed SA, a subsidiary of Vir Biotechnology, Bellinzona, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5797-1364
Herbert W VirginDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8580-7628
Ali H EllebedyDepartment of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. ellebedy@wustl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-2532
Pei-Yong ShiDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA. peshi@utmb.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5553-1616
Michael S DiamondDepartment of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. diamond@wusm.wustl.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8791-3165
Washington University in St. Louis · USThe University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston · USVanderbilt University Medical Center · USVir Biotechnology (Switzerland) · CHSaint Louis University · ES
Funding
COLLABORATIVE INFLUENZA VACCINE INNOVATION CENTER: UNIVERSAL INFLUENZA VACCINE RESEARCH75N93019C00051 · NIAID · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI KRAMMER, FLORIAN · 2019 to 2025
$105.4MUTMB Clinical and Translational Science AwardUL1TR001439 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI URBAN, RANDALL J · 2015 to 2024
$40.0MProject 4 - Influenza - UABU19AI142759 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI WHITLEY, RICHARD J. · 2019 to 2023
$37.5MTRAINING IN THE IMMUNOBIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY OF CANCERT32CA009547 · NCI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI ROBERT DAVID SCHREIBER · 1986 to 2026
$12.1MCOVID Supplement B Cell Epitope Discovery and Mechanisms of Antibody Protection.75N93019C00062 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI FREMONT, DAVED · 2019 to 2023
$11.7MB-CELL EPITOPE DISCOVERY AND MECHANISMS OF ANTIBODY PROTECTION: Modification for SARS-CoV2 Research75N93019C00074 · NIAID · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI CROWE, JAMES E · 2019 to 2024
$10.2MWest African Center for Emerging Infectious DiseasesU01AI151801 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI Robert W Cross, Scott C Weaver · 2020 to 2026
$10.1MEmerging infections: surveillance, epidemiology and pathogenesisU01AI151810 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Adrianus CM Boon, DAVID WANG · 2020 to 2026
$10.0MWashington University Rheumatic DiseasesResearch Resource-based CenterP30AR073752 · NIAMS · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Alfred Hyoungju Kim · 2018 to 2026
$7.6MHuman antibody-based countermeasures against the Wuhan Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2R01AI157155 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BARIC, RALPH S, CROWE, JAMES E · 2020 to 2024
$6.0MProgramming Durable Immune Responses To VaccinationU01AI141990 · NIAID · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI Ali Hassan Ellebedy · 2019 to 2026
$5.3MRegulation of Ebola virus replication by the host ubiquitin systemR01AI134907 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI GIRALDO, MARIA ISABEL · 2018 to 2022
$3.1MNCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001439NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009547NIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00051NIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00062NIAID NIH HHS 75N93019C00074NIAID NIH HHS F30 AI152327NIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201400006CNIAID NIH HHS HHSN272201400008CNIAID NIH HHS R01 AI134907NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI142079NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI157155NIAID NIH HHS R43 AI145617NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI141990NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI151801NIAID NIH HHS U01 AI151810NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI142759NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR073752
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the global COVID-19 pandemic. Rapidly spreading SARS-CoV-2 variants may jeopardize newly introduced antibody and vaccine countermeasures. Here, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), animal immune sera, human convalescent sera and human sera from recipients of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, we report the impact on antibody neutralization of a panel of authentic SARS-CoV-2 variants including a B.1.1.7 isolate, chimeric strains with South African or Brazilian spike genes and isogenic recombinant viral variants. Many highly neutralizing mAbs engaging the receptor-binding domain or N-terminal domain and most convalescent sera and mRNA vaccine-induced immune sera showed reduced inhibitory activity against viruses containing an E484K spike mutation. As antibodies binding to spike receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain demonstrate diminished neutralization potency in vitro against some emerging variants, updated mAb cocktails targeting highly conserved regions, enhancement of mAb potency or adjustments to the spike sequences of vaccines may be needed to prevent loss of protection in vivo.
Indexed as
AnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineChlorocebus aethiopsCOVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesCricetinaeHumansMiceMutationNeutralization TestsSARS-CoV-2Spike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusVero CellsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralBNT162 VaccineCOVID-19 VaccinesSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.