ArticleScientific reports2021
Reading without phonology: ERP evidence from skilled deaf readers of Spanish.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Deaf Child Signers' Reading Behaviors Are Predicted by Their Bilingual (Signed and Spoken) Vocabularies: Evidence from Eye-Tracking.Journal of eye movement research · 2026Article
- Avoiding unintended consequences: science of reading policies may harm deaf children.Journal of deaf studies and deaf education · 2026Article
- Identifying the visual and linguistic sources of reading efficiency: A comparison of individual differences among deaf and hearing readers.Journal of vision · 2026Article
- Presenting the Signers' Eye-movements in English Reading (SEER) Corpus: An eye-tracking dataset of reading behaviors by deaf early signers and hearing non-signers.Behavior research methods · 2025Article
- Neural associations between fingerspelling, print, and signs: An ERP priming study with deaf readers.Brain and language · 2025Article
- Bilateral Word Selectivity Gradients in the Visual Word Form System in Skilled Deaf Readers.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Reading with deaf eyes: Automatic activation of speech-based phonology during word recognition is task dependent.PloS one · 2025Article
- Electrophysiological signatures of spelling sensitivity development from primary school age to adulthood.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Orthographic and Phonological Code Activation in Deaf and Hearing Readers.Journal of cognition · 2024Article
- Electrophysiological patterns of visual word recognition in deaf and hearing readers: An ERP mega-study.Language, cognition and neuroscience · 2023Article
- Sensitivity to orthographic vs. phonological constraints on word recognition: An ERP study with deaf and hearing readers.Neuropsychologia · 2022Article
- Frequency Effects on Spelling Error Recognition: An ERP Study.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reading typically involves phonological mediation, especially for transparent orthographies with a regular letter to sound correspondence. In this study we ask whether phonological coding is a necessary part of the reading process by examining prelingually deaf individuals who are skilled readers of Spanish. We conducted two EEG experiments exploiting the pseudohomophone effect, in which nonwords that sound like words elicit phonological encoding during reading. The first, a semantic categorization task with masked priming, resulted in modulation of the N250 by pseudohomophone primes in hearing but not in deaf readers. The second, a lexical decision task, confirmed the pattern: hearing readers had increased errors and an attenuated N400 response for pseudohomophones compared to control pseudowords, whereas deaf readers did not treat pseudohomophones any differently from pseudowords, either behaviourally or in the ERP response. These results offer converging evidence that skilled deaf readers do not rely on phonological coding during visual word recognition. Furthermore, the finding demonstrates that reading can take place in the absence of phonological activation, and we speculate about the alternative mechanisms that allow these deaf individuals to read competently.
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