ArticleJournal of cardiac failure2021
Universal Definition and Classification of Heart Failure: A Report of the Heart Failure Society of America, Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology, Japanese Heart Failure Society and Writing Committee of the Universal Definition of Heart Failure.
Article in Journal of cardiac failure, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 453 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Polydiuretic Therapy for Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Pilot Trial
Open the trial in the graphTo Establish a Multimodal Dynamic Risk Assessment System of Heart Failure in Patients With Myocardial Infarction Based on Coronary Microcirculation.
To Investigate Whether a Continuous Intelligent and Automated Mobile Education System Can Improve Knowledge, Self-care, Emotional Stress, Self-efficacy and Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure
DYNAMIC-AF HF Study: An AI-ECG-Based Approach for Dynamic Assessment of Heart Failure Risk and Myocardial Recovery Following Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Who cites it
453 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinic Value of Blood Urea to Creatinine Ratio in Heart Failure Patients: A Systematic Review.Clinical cardiology · 2026Pooled it
- Kidney Disease and Heart Failure: Recent Advances and Current Challenges: Conclusions From a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference.JACC. Heart failure · 2026Guideline
- Biomarker-Guided Versus Clinically Guided Management Strategies for Heart Failure: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Prognostic models in populations with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Cardiopulmonary Remodeling In Nondiabetic Patients with Systolic Heart Failure Using Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Current cardiology reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Non-Invasive Telemonitoring in Heart Failure: A Systematic Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Pooled it
- Association of COPD with adverse outcomes in heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction.ESC heart failure · 2025Pooled it
- ACC/AHA/ASE/HFSA/HRS/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR 2025 Appropriate Use Criteria for Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators, Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy, and Pacing.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2025Guideline
- Effect of Hypoglycemic Drugs on Patients with Heart Failure with or without T2DM: A Bayesian Network Meta-analysis.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Optimization of Clinical Trial Design and Decision-Making for Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF): A Meta-Analysis Based on a Placebo Response Model.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Comprehensive CMR evaluation including 4D flow-derived E/A vorticity ratio in overweight adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Trial
- Association Between Endothelial Alterations, Cardiac Function, and Outcomes From Health to Heart Failure: Insight From the STANISLAS, MEDIA-DHF, and BIOSTAT-CHF Cohorts.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Trial
- From snapshot to trajectory: A multimodality right-heart monitoring framework across the heart failure spectrum.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Review
- Vortex Dynamics and Energy Dissipation in Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling Across Diastolic Function Inflow Patterns: An In Vitro Quantitative Flow Analysis.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Article
- Body Mass Index and LDL Cholesterol Across Controls, Hypertension, and Ischemic Heart Disease with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Single-Center Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Prognostic Value of Inflammatory and Nutritional Indices in Patients Undergoing Permanent Pacemaker Implantation for Degenerative Complete Atrioventricular Block.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Strain-Volume Loop Dynamics: A Novel Perspective on Left Ventricular Dysfunction.Korean circulation journal · 2026Article
- The Heart's Hidden Influencer: Epicardial Adipose Tissue in the Pathogenesis of Heart Failure.Cardiology discovery · 2026Review
- Cardiac Rehabilitation in Heart Failure: Evidence, Coverage, and Implementation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
393 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
38 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this document, we propose a universal definition of heart failure (HF) as the following: HF is a clinical syndrome with symptoms and or signs caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality and corroborated by elevated natriuretic peptide levels and or objective evidence of pulmonary or systemic congestion. We propose revised stages of HF as follows. At-risk for HF (Stage A), for patients at risk for HF but without current or prior symptoms or signs of HF and without structural or biomarkers evidence of heart disease. Pre-HF (stage B), for patients without current or prior symptoms or signs of HF, but evidence of structural heart disease or abnormal cardiac function, or elevated natriuretic peptide levels. HF (Stage C), for patients with current or prior symptoms and/or signs of HF caused by a structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality. Advanced HF (Stage D), for patients with severe symptoms and/or signs of HF at rest, recurrent hospitalizations despite guideline-directed management and therapy (GDMT), refractory or intolerant to GDMT, requiring advanced therapies such as consideration for transplant, mechanical circulatory support, or palliative care. Finally, we propose a new and revised classification of HF according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The classification includes HF with reduced EF (HFrEF): HF with an LVEF of ≤40%; HF with mildly reduced EF (HFmrEF): HF with an LVEF of 41% to 49%; HF with preserved EF (HFpEF): HF with an LVEF of ≥50%; and HF with improved EF (HFimpEF): HF with a baseline LVEF of ≤40%, a ≥10-point increase from baseline LVEF, and a second measurement of LVEF of >40%.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.