ArticleHarm reduction journal2021
Association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and serious psychological distress is stronger in women than in men: a nationally representative cross-sectional survey in Japan.
Article in Harm reduction journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression and Anxiety Symptoms Among Combustible Cigarette Smokers, Heated Tobacco Users, and Non-Smokers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Lithuania.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Lifestyle habits, gender differences, and their association with sleep and mental health among Syrian medical residents.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Smoking and Multidimensional Well-Being: Gender and Cohort Differences in China.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Mortality and morbidity burden associated with smoking: evidence from a 1.6 million cohort in Hong Kong.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Association of cigarette smoking intensity and pack-years with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Smaller household size and higher prevalence of serious psychological distress in younger people and never-married people: a nationwide cross-sectional survey in Japan.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Psychological distress, intimate partner violence and substance use in a representative sample from Mexico: A structural equation model.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Association of psychological distress and current cigarette smoking among Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander adults and compared to adults from other racial/ethnic groups: Data from the National Health Interview Survey, 2014.Preventive medicine reports · 2022Article
- Occupational status and self-reported low back pain by gender: a nation-wide cross-sectional study among the general population in Japan.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2021Article
- Fraction and Number of Unemployed Associated with Self-Reported Low Back Pain: A Nation-Wide Cross-Sectional Study in Japan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigher smoking prevalence in people with serious psychological distress (SPD) is well-recognized. However, gender and age differences in the association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD have not been fully investigated.
methodsWe used anonymized data from a nationally representative survey in Japan (33,925 men and 37,257 women). SPD was measured using the Kessler 6-item Psychological Distress Scale and defined as ≥ 13 points. Multiple logistic regression analyses stratified by gender and age-groups (20-44 years, 45-64 years, and ≥ 65 years) were used to estimate adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for SPD.
resultsAfter adjusting for sociodemographic confounders including education, equivalent household expenditures, and employment contract, women had a significant association between heavier smoking and more frequent SPD: compared to never-smokers, aORs (95% CIs) of ex-smokers, current light smokers who smoked 1-10 cigarettes per day (CPD), current moderate smokers 11-20 CPD, and current heavy smokers ≥ 21 CPD were 1.22 (0.92-1.63), 1.52 (1.25-1.84), 1.75 (1.46-2.09), and 2.22 (1.59-3.10), respectively (P-trend < 0.001). A significant positive association among women was consistent across all age-groups. Among men, there was no association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD in all age-groups, and only current heavy smokers aged 20-44 years had a significantly higher OR for SPD (aOR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.02-1.85]) than never-smokers.
conclusionsThere was a positive association between heaviness of cigarette smoking and SPD only among women, but not among men. For female smokers experiencing mental disorders, there is a need not only to improve mental health services but also to improve smoking-cessation support.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.