ArticleMalaria journal2021
Cost-effectiveness of district-wide seasonal malaria chemoprevention when implemented through routine malaria control programme in Kita, Mali using fixed point distribution.
Article in Malaria journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review on the cost of seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC).Malaria journal · 2024Pooled it
- Application Strategy and Research Progress of Large-Scale Population Drug Intervention in Malaria Control.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Estimating the opportunity cost of seasonal malaria chemoprevention implementation in Burkina Faso, Mali and Senegal.BMJ global health · 2025Article
- Seasonal malaria chemoprevention in northern Mozambique: a cost-effectiveness analysis.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Status and prospects of seasonal malaria chemoprevention among children in Sahelian countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Population impact of malaria control interventions in the health district of Kati, Mali.PloS one · 2024Article
- Sub-national tailoring of seasonal malaria chemoprevention in Mali based on malaria surveillance and rainfall data.Parasites & vectors · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC) is a strategy for malaria control recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2012 for Sahelian countries. The Mali National Malaria Control Programme adopted a plan for pilot implementation and nationwide scale-up by 2016. Given that SMC is a relatively new approach, there is an urgent need to assess the costs and cost effectiveness of SMC when implemented through the routine health system to inform decisions on resource allocation.
methodsCost data were collected from pilot implementation of SMC in Kita district, which targeted 77,497 children aged 3-59 months. Starting in August 2014, SMC was delivered by fixed point distribution in villages with the first dose observed each month. Treatment consisted of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine once a month for four consecutive months, or rounds. Economic and financial costs were collected from the provider perspective using an ingredients approach. Effectiveness estimates were based upon a published mathematical transmission model calibrated to local epidemiology, rainfall patterns and scale-up of interventions. Incremental cost effectiveness ratios were calculated for the cost per malaria episode averted, cost per disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted, and cost per death averted.
resultsThe total economic cost of the intervention in the district of Kita was US $357,494. Drug costs and personnel costs accounted for 34% and 31%, respectively. Incentives (payment other than salary for efforts beyond routine activities) accounted for 25% of total implementation costs. Average financial and economic unit costs per child per round were US $0.73 and US $0.86, respectively; total annual financial and economic costs per child receiving SMC were US $2.92 and US $3.43, respectively. Accounting for coverage, the economic cost per child fully adherent (receiving all four rounds) was US $6.38 and US $4.69, if weighted highly adherent, (receiving 3 or 4 rounds of SMC). When costs were combined with modelled effects, the economic cost per malaria episode averted in children was US $4.26 (uncertainty bound 2.83-7.17), US $144 (135-153) per DALY averted and US $ 14,503 (13,604-15,402) per death averted.
conclusionsWhen implemented at fixed point distribution through the routine health system in Mali, SMC was highly cost-effective. As in previous SMC implementation studies, financial incentives were a large cost component.
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