SynthesisJournal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England)2021
Dose-response relationships of psilocybin-induced subjective experiences in humans.
Synthesis in Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute effects of psilocybin on attention and executive functioning in healthy volunteers: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis.Psychopharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Reconsidering evidence for psychedelic-induced psychosis: an overview of reviews, a systematic review, and meta-analysis of human studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Esketamine and Psilocybin-The Comparison of Two Mind-Altering Agents in Depression Treatment: Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Neuroplastic white matter changes in patients with major depression following lysergic acid diethylamide treatment.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Enhanced visual contrast suppression during peak psilocybin effects: Psychophysical results from a pilot randomized controlled trial.Journal of vision · 2024Trial
- Pharmacological and non-pharmacological predictors of the LSD experience in healthy participants.Translational psychiatry · 2024Trial
- Altered states of consciousness caused by a mindfulness-based programme up to a year later: Results from a randomised controlled trial.PloS one · 2024Trial
- Psilocybin for treatment resistant depression in patients taking a concomitant SSRI medication.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Safety pharmacology of acute LSD administration in healthy subjects.Psychopharmacology · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Psychedelics align brain activity with context.Nature · 2026Article
- Psilocin glucuronide in whole blood: a stable and useful biomarker of psilocybin intake.Journal of analytical toxicology · 2026Article
- Psilocybin in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Seeking Valuable Evidence in History, Pure Science, Clinical Trials and Real-World Data (RWD).Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Psilocybin and Bipolar Depression: Promise and Prudence.CNS drugs · 2026Review
- Aquahenosis: a non-pharmacological altered state of consciousness induced by floatation-REST in individuals with anxiety and depression.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Psychedelic-Related Psychosis: From Model Psychosis to Psychotherapy.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Classifying Psychedelic-Related Complications.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Body image phenomenology in reports of psychedelic and meditative experiences: main themes and associations with body attitudes.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Psilocybin alters visual contextual computations.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Ketamine-Occasioned Mystical Experience in Veterans with Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Retrospective Exploratory Analysis.Psychedelic medicine (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPsilocybin is the psychoactive component in
aimEstablishing dose-response relationships of the subjective experiences induced by psilocybin in healthy study participants and a comparison of patient groups.
methodWe applied a linear meta-regression approach, based on the robust variance estimation framework, to obtain linear dose-response relationship estimates on questionnaire ratings after oral psilocybin administration. Data were obtained from the Altered States Database, which contains data extracted from MEDLINE-listed journal articles that used standardized and validated questionnaires: the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale, the Mystical Experience Questionnaire and the Hallucinogen Rating Scale.
resultsPsilocybin dose positively correlated with ratings on most factors and scales, mainly those referring to perceptual alterations and positively experienced ego dissolution. Measures referring to challenging experiences exhibited small effects and were barely modulated by dose.
conclusionPsilocybin intensified almost all characteristics of altered states of consciousness assessed with the given questionnaires. Because subjective experiences are not only determined by dose, but also by individual and environmental factors, the results may only apply to controlled laboratory experiments and not to recreational use. This paper may serve as a general literature citation for the use of psilocybin in experimental and clinical research, to compare expected and observed subjective experiences.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.