ArticleRedox biology2021
The age-dependent decline of the extracellular thiol-disulfide balance and its role in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article in Redox biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Glutamate-Glutathione axis in neuropsychiatric disorders and cancer: From shared mechanisms to non-invasive biomarkers.Redox biology · 2026Review
- In Vitro Biological Activities of Piper corcovadensis C.DC.: Antioxidant, Antineoplastic-Related and Antibacterial Effects.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cancer: from mechanism to therapeutic implications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Involvement of oxidative stress in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: clinical implications.Redox report : communications in free radical research · 2025Article
- Dynamic Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis Post-COVID-19 Depends on Age, Gender, and Symptom Severity.Cureus · 2024Article
- Analytical Methods for Assessing Thiol Antioxidants in Biological Fluids: A Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
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- Selenium-More than Just a Fortuitous Sulfur Substitute in Redox Biology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Catalase Activity of IgGs of Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Contribution of vitamin DScientific reports · 2023Article
- Potential antiviral effects of pantethine against SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- MLN-4760 Induces Oxidative Stress without Blood Pressure and Behavioural Alterations in SHRs: Roles ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Reactive sulfur species and their significance in health and disease.Bioscience reports · 2022Review
- How Aging and Oxidative Stress Influence the Cytopathic and Inflammatory Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection: The Role of Cellular Glutathione and Cysteine Metabolism.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Article
- Pre-Existing Oxidative Stress Creates a Docking-Ready Conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2022Article
- Thiol-based chemical probes exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 via allosteric disulfide disruption in the spike glycoprotein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress and NF-kB activation in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and their response to antiviral therapy.IUBMB life · 2022Article
- Deep phenotyping of oxidative stress in emergency room patients reveals homoarginine as a novel predictor of sepsis severity, length of hospital stay, and length of intensive care unit stay.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection can cause a severe respiratory distress syndrome. The risk of severe manifestations and mortality characteristically increase in the elderly and in the presence of non-COVID-19 comorbidity. We and others previously demonstrated that the low molecular weight (LMW) and protein thiol/disulfide ratio declines in human plasma with age and such decline is even more rapid in the case of inflammatory and premature aging diseases, which are also associated with the most severe complications of COVID-19 infection. The same decline with age of the LMW thiol/disulfide ratio observed in plasma appears to occur in the extracellular fluids of the respiratory tract and in association with many pulmonary diseases that characteristically reduce the concentrations and adaptive stress response of the lung glutathione. Early evidence in literature suggests that the thiol to disulfide balance of critical Cys residues of the COVID-19 spike protein and the ACE-2 receptor may influence the risk of infection and the severity of the disease, with a more oxidizing environment producing the worst prognosis. With this hypothesis paper we propose that the age-dependent decline of LMW thiol/disulfide ratio of the extracellular fluids, could play a role in promoting the physical (protein-protein) interaction of CoV-2 and the host cell in the airways. Therefore, this redox-dependent interaction is expected to affect the risk of severe infection in an age-dependent manner. The hypothesis can be verified in experimental models of in vitro CoV-2 infection and at the clinical level in that LMW thiols and protein thiolation can now be investigated with standardized, reliable and versatile laboratory protocols. Presenting the verification strategy of our hypothesis, we also discuss available nutritional and ancillary pharmacological strategies to intervene on the thiol/disulfide ratio of extracellular fluids of subjects at risk of infection and COVID-19 patients.
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