ArticleEBioMedicine2021
Time series analysis and mechanistic modelling of heterogeneity and sero-reversion in antibody responses to mild SARS‑CoV-2 infection.
Article in EBioMedicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Large clones of pre-existing T cells drive early immunity against SARS-COV-2 and LCMV infection.iScience · 2023Article
- Analysis of fatality impact and seroprevalence surveys in a community sustaining a SARS-CoV-2 superspreading event.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Drug Cocktail Formulation via Circuit Design.IEEE transactions on molecular, biological, and multi-scale communications · 2023Article
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- Policies on children and schools during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Western Europe.Frontiers in public health · 2023Review
- Kinetics of naturally induced binding and neutralising anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels and potencies among SARS-CoV-2 infected Kenyans with diverse grades of COVID-19 severity: an observational study.Wellcome open research · 2023Article
- Nationally representative results on SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence and testing in Germany at the end of 2020.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Antibody correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 reinfection prior to vaccination: A nested case-control within the SIREN study.The Journal of infection · 2022Article
- The durability of natural infection and vaccine-induced immunity against future infection by SARS-CoV-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- A lab-on-a-chip for the concurrent electrochemical detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in saliva and plasma.Nature biomedical engineering · 2022Article
- Sociodemographic disparities in COVID-19 seroprevalence across England in the Oxford RCGP primary care sentinel network.The Journal of infection · 2022Article
- HLA-DR polymorphism in SARS-CoV-2 infection and susceptibility to symptomatic COVID-19.Immunology · 2022Observational
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Blood Safety: An Updated Review.Transfusion medicine and hemotherapy : offizielles Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Transfusionsmedizin und Immunhamatologie · 2022Review
- Rapid synchronous type 1 IFN and virus-specific T cell responses characterize first wave non-severe SARS-CoV-2 infections.Cell reports. Medicine · 2022Article
- Divergent humoral responses in mild to moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection over time - indication of persistence of the virus?The Journal of infection · 2022Article
- COVID-19-induced pulmonary sarcoid: A case report and review of the literature.Clinical imaging · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSARS-CoV-2 serology is used to identify prior infection at individual and at population level. Extended longitudinal studies with multi-timepoint sampling to evaluate dynamic changes in antibody levels are required to identify the time horizon in which these applications of serology are valid, and to explore the longevity of protective humoral immunity.
methodsHealthcare workers were recruited to a prospective cohort study from the first SARS-CoV-2 epidemic peak in London, undergoing weekly symptom screen, viral PCR and blood sampling over 16-21 weeks. Serological analysis (n =12,990) was performed using semi-quantitative Euroimmun IgG to viral spike S1 domain and Roche total antibody to viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) assays. Comparisons were made to pseudovirus neutralizing antibody measurements.
findingsA total of 157/729 (21.5%) participants developed positive SARS-CoV-2 serology by one or other assay, of whom 31.0% were asymptomatic and there were no deaths. Peak Euroimmun anti-S1 and Roche anti-NP measurements correlated (r = 0.57, p<0.0001) but only anti-S1 measurements correlated with near-contemporary pseudovirus neutralising antibody titres (measured at 16-18 weeks, r = 0.57, p<0.0001). By 21 weeks' follow-up, 31/143 (21.7%) anti-S1 and 6/150 (4.0%) anti-NP measurements reverted to negative. Mathematical modelling revealed faster clearance of anti-S1 compared to anti-NP (median half-life of 2.5 weeks versus 4.0 weeks), earlier transition to lower levels of antibody production (median of 8 versus 13 weeks), and greater reductions in relative antibody production rate after the transition (median of 35% versus 50%).
interpretationMild SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with heterogeneous serological responses in Euroimmun anti-S1 and Roche anti-NP assays. Anti-S1 responses showed faster rates of clearance, more rapid transition from high to low level production rate and greater reduction in production rate after this transition. In mild infection, anti-S1 serology alone may underestimate incident infections. The mechanisms that underpin faster clearance and lower rates of sustained anti-S1 production may impact on the longevity of humoral immunity.
fundingCharitable donations via Barts Charity, Wellcome Trust, NIHR.
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