ReviewMethods (San Diego, Calif.)2021
The design and synthesis of circular RNAs.
Review in Methods (San Diego, Calif.), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 99 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
99 citing papers in PubMed, 151 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emerging strategies and innovations in circular RNA synthesis.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Circular RNA functions in HIV-1 infection.RNA biology · 2026Review
- Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) vaccines: Progress, evidence gaps, and translational pathways for durable and scalable immunization.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- RNA therapeutics: current status and future directions.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Engineering circular RNA expression systems to minimize contaminating linear RNA byproducts.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Research Progress, Application, and Industrialization Prospects of Circular RNA Vaccines in Viral Diseases.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Cross-link Between CircRNAs and Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Review
- mRNA Vaccines for Influenza: Hope for a Universal Vaccine?BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- A method of comprehensive sequencing analysis of the small RNA fragmentome (RiboMarker).RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Structural snapshots of self-splicing and circularization of the Anabaena precursor tRNA.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Recent advances in the application of polymeric nanoparticles to the pulmonary delivery of mRNA.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Synthetic circRNAs employ IRES activity for translation in cells and in cell-free translation systems.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- On-oligonucleotide olefin metathesis in water.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Generation of precise and accurate engineered circRNAs using enzymatic ligation.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Synthetically designed circRNA can be used to target cardiovascular relevant microRNAs to improve cellular function.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- An engineered linear cap-independent mRNA vaccine with intrinsic adjuvanticity induces potent anti-tumor immunity in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Possible Ways of Reducing Adverse Events Associated with mRNA Vaccines Encapsulated in Lipid Nanoparticles.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Review
- The Mechanism and Regulation of Disulfidptosis and Its Role in Disease.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Circular RNAs in tumor immunity and immunotherapy of breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
39 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of RNAs distinguished by their single-stranded, covalently-closed topology. Although initially perceived as rare byproducts of aberrant splicing, circRNAs are now recognized as ubiquitously expressed and functionally significant. These discoveries have led to a growing need for ways to model circRNAs in living cells to advance our understanding of their biogenesis, regulation, and function, and to adopt them as new technologies for application within research and medicine. In this review, we provide an updated summary of approaches used to produce circRNAs in vitro and in vivo, the latter of which has grown considerably in recent years. Given increased interest in the unique functions carried out by individual circRNAs, we further dedicate a section on how to customize synthesized circRNAs for specific biological roles. We focus on the most common applications, including designing circRNAs for protein delivery, to target miRNAs and proteins, to act as fluorescent reporters, and to modulate cellular immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.