ArticleClinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2021
Pulmonary long-term consequences of COVID-19 infections after hospital discharge.
Article in Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of cardiovascular symptoms in post-acute COVID-19 syndrome: a meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Functional Recovery of Adults Following Acute COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Physical therapy · 2025Pooled it
- Characterising long COVID: a living systematic review.BMJ global health · 2021Pooled it
- Molecular Hydrogen Positively Affects Physical and Respiratory Function in Acute Post-COVID-19 Patients: A New Perspective in Rehabilitation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Prospective analysis of post-COVID-19 hospitalization: Impact on pulmonary function, physical performance and overall functionality.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Risk of conversion and severe postoperative complications in older patients with non-small cell lung cancer and a history of COVID-19: a population-based study.Translational lung cancer research · 2025Article
- Long-Term Manifestations of COVID-19: A Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Multiomics analyses of gut microbiota and metabolites in people living with HIV before and during SARS-COV-2 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- A multidisciplinary review of long COVID to address the challenges in diagnosis and updated management guidelines.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2025Review
- Maximal oxygen uptake, pulmonary function and walking economy are not impaired in patients diagnosed with long COVID.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Article
- A Subgroup Reanalysis of the Efficacy of Bufei Huoxue Capsules in Patients With "Long-Covid-19".Pulmonary circulation · 2025Article
- The Predictive Role of C-Reactive Protein, Leukocyte Cell Count, and Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor for Pulmonary Sequelae in Hospitalized COVID-19 Survivors: A Prospective Single-Center Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Pioneering Respiratory and Emergency Medicine Research During the COVID-19 Era.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- A Nomogram for Predicting Survival in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Pneumonia Based on Admission Data.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- The Long-term Volumetric and Radiological Changes of COVID-19 on Lung Anatomy: A Quantitative Assessment.Current medical imaging · 2025Article
- Mexican Hispanics show significant improvement in lung function approximately 1 year after having severe COVID-19.Experimental physiology · 2024Observational
- Arterial stiffness in adults with Long COVID in sub-Saharan Africa.Physiological reports · 2024Observational
- Association of pulmonary function test abnormalities and quality-of-life measures after COVID-19 infection.The American journal of the medical sciences · 2024Article
- Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors at 9 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors are reporting residual abnormalities after discharge from hospital. Limited information is available about this stage of recovery or the lingering effects of the virus on pulmonary function and inflammation. This study aimed to describe lung function in patients recovering from COVID-19 hospitalization and to identify biomarkers in serum and induced sputum samples from these patients.
methodsPatients admitted to Spanish hospitals with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 infection by a real-time PCR (RT-PCR) assay for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) were recruited for this study. Each hospital screened their lists of discharged patients at least 45 days after symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were divided into mild/moderate and severe disease groups according to the severity of their symptoms during hospitalization. Patients' epidemiological and medical histories, comorbidities, chronic treatments, and laboratory parameters were evaluated. Pulmonary function tests, the standardized 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and chest computed tomography (CT) were also performed. The levels of proteases, their inhibitors, and shed receptors were measured in serum and induced sputum samples.
resultsA total of 100 patients with respiratory function tests were included in this study. The median number of days after the onset of symptoms was 104 (IQR 89.25, 126.75). COVID-19 was severe in 47% of patients (47/100). CT was normal in 48% of patients (48/100). Lung function was normal forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) ≥80%, forced vital capacity (FVC) ≥80%, FEV1/FVC ≥0.7, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) ≥80% in 92% (92/100), 94% (94/100), 100% (100/100) and 48% (48/100) of patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that a DLCO <80% (OR 5.92; 95%CI 2.28-15.37; p < 0.0001) and a lower serum lactate dehydrogenase level (OR 0.98; 95%CI 0.97-0.99) were associated with the severe disease group of SARS-CoV-2 cases during hospital stay.
conclusionsA diffusion deficit (DLCO <80%) was still present after hospital discharge and was associated with the most severe SARS-CoV-2 cases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.