ArticleProgress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry2021
The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites use, body image disturbances and self-esteem among adolescent and young women.
Article in Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 209 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adolescent Anxiety During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors.Journal of adolescence · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence of mental health symptoms in children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: A meta-analysis.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2023Pooled it
- An update on the underlying risk factors of eating disorders onset during adolescence: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Pooled it
- The Impact of COVID-19-Related Living Restrictions on Eating Behaviours in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Digital Media Use and Adolescents' Mental Health During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2021Pooled it
- Fitspiration, Thinspiration, Body Positivity, and Body Neutrality Contents on Image-Based Social Media: Associations With Body Image, Mood, Self-Esteem, and Disordered Eating Behavior in Women With and Without Self-Reported Eating Disorders-An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study.The International journal of eating disorders · 2026Article
- TikTok and Instagram as Putative Social Media in Promoting Healthy Eating Habits in Youths At-Risk for Eating/Feeding Disorders and Body Image Dissatisfaction.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- The 'amplifier' of fertility risk perception in a social network environment: the chain-mediated effects of body image comparison and negative physical self.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Body Image Dissatisfaction and Risk of Eating Disorders Among University of Sharjah Students.Cureus · 2026Article
- The accuracy of self-reported height, weight and BMI in a sample of emerging adult college students across California: an observational study.BMC medical research methodology · 2026Observational
- What the algorithm serves: diet and fitness content on Instagram as independent predictors of orthorexia nervosa in a large Italian female sample.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Swedish adolescents' mental well-being: the role of impulsivity, sleep, spirituality, and self-esteem.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Moderated mediation model of subjective happiness and gender between financial strain and mental health of university students.Discover mental health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and factors associated with physical activity in adolescents from five secondary schools in northern Peru.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Territorial and social inequalities in mental distress and self-perceived health among schooled adolescents: a cross-sectional study in central Catalonia and Barcelona.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Healthy Pills: A Physical Activity and Meditation Program to Enhance Mental Health and Well-Being in Spanish University Students.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Problematic internet use and its relationship with eating disorders.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and post-pandemic consequences of body dysmorphic disorder: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Health psychology report · 2025Review
- Exploring how social media usage shapes self-presentation strategies among Saudi young adults.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on social network sites (SNS) use and to explore whether SNS use is associated with body image disturbances and low self-esteem.
methodsA total of 2601 women living in Spain aged 14-35 years completed questionnaire measures of SNS use, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness. In the survey, participants were asked about their use of SNS at the moment of answering the survey and before lockdown.
resultsA statistically significant increase was found in the frequency of use of all studied SNS (Instagram, YouTube, TikTok, Twitter and Facebook) during lockdown, as well as in the number of women following appearance-focused Instagram accounts. Moreover, significant relationships were found between the frequency of Instagram use and body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness and low self-esteem in the younger age group (14-24), and between the frequency of Instagram use and drive for thinness in the older age group (25-35). Following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram was related to body dissatisfaction and drive for thinness in the younger group, and only to drive for thinness in the older group (25-35). Following appearance-focused accounts on Instagram and a higher frequency of use of Instagram significantly predicted higher levels of drive for thinness.
conclusionThese results suggest that lockdown has had an impact on SNS use, and this might be linked to increased drive for thinness and eating disorder risk among adolescent and young women.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.