ArticleDiabetes & metabolism journal2021
Dose-Dependent Effect of Smoking on Risk of Diabetes Remains after Smoking Cessation: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study in Korea.
Article in Diabetes & metabolism journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Surfactant Protein D Mediates the Association Between Smoking and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Incidence in the Spanish Adult Population: Di@bet.es Study.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Long-Term and Heavy Smoking as a Risk Factor for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis: Evidence from a Large-Scale, Nationwide Population-Based Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Baseline lung function and risk of incident tuberculosis: a nationwide population-based cohort study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Predictors of smoking abstinence among diabetic smokers: Evidence from the French national smoking cessation registry CDTnet.PloS one · 2025Article
- Effect of smoking cessation on new-onset diabetes mellitus in dyslipidemic individuals: A population-based cohort study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Dietary and other lifestyle factors and their influence on non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Review
- The Concentrations of Interleukin-6, Insulin, and Glucagon in the Context of Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes and Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms inJournal of obesity · 2024Article
- Prevalence, cessation, and geographical variation of smoking among middle-aged and elderly adults in China: A population-based study.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Association between Meal Frequency and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Rural Adults: A Large-Scale Cross-Sectional Study.Nutrients · 2023Article
- Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with increased arterial stiffness in men and women: evidence from a large population-based cohort.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2023Article
- Impact of healthy lifestyle on the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus in southwest China: A prospective cohort study.Journal of diabetes investigation · 2022Article
- Sex differences in factors associated with prediabetes in Korean adults.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2022Article
- Association between lung function and the risk of atrial fibrillation in a nationwide population cohort study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Impaired Lung Function and Lung Cancer Incidence: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Smoking Cessation after Diagnosis of New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation and the Risk of Stroke and Death.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent effects of smoking on risk of diabetes among those quitting smoking.
methodsWe analyzed clinical data from a total of 5,198,792 individuals age 20 years or older who received health care check-up arranged by the national insurance program of Korea between 2009 and 2016 using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database. Cumulative smoking was estimated by pack-years. Smokers were classified into four categories according to the amount of smoking: light smokers (0.025 to 5 smoking pack-years), medium smokers (5 to 14 smoking pack-years), heavy smokers (14 to 26 smoking pack-years), and extreme smokers (more than 26 smoking pack-years).
resultsDuring the study period, 164,335 individuals (3.2% of the total population) developed diabetes. Compared to sustained smokers, the risk of diabetes was significantly reduced in both quitters (hazard ratio [HR], 0.858; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.838 to 0.878) and nonsmokers (HR, 0.616; 95% CI, 0.606 to 0.625) after adjustment for multiple risk factors. The risk of diabetes gradually increased with amount of smoking in both quitters and current smokers. The risk of diabetes in heavy (HR, 1.119; 95% CI, 1.057 to 1.185) and extreme smokers (HR, 1.348; 95% CI, 1.275 to 1.425) among quitters was much higher compared to light smokers among current smokers.
conclusionSmoking cessation was effective in reducing the risk of diabetes regardless of weight change. However, there was a potential dose-dependent association between smoking amount and the development of diabetes. Diabetes risk still remained in heavy and extreme smokers even after smoking cessation.
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