ArticleBrain and behavior2021
Longitudinal mental health outcomes of combat-injured service members.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed.
- A closed-head, rotational traumatic brain injury model demonstrates deficits in righting reflex, neurological function, and auditory brainstem responses in rats.Brain injury · 2026Article
- Comparison of Racial and Ethnic Mortality Disparities among Post-9/11 Veterans with and without Traumatic Brain Injury to the Total U.S. Adult Population.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Potential for Wearable Sensor-Based Field-Deployable Diagnosis and Monitoring of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Observational
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Risk of Incident Comorbidities.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Mental and Physical Health-Related Quality of Life Following Military Polytrauma.Military medicine · 2024Article
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Subsequent Risk of Brain Cancer in US Veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Bidirectional Associations Between Pain and Perceived Stress Among Veterans: Depressive Disorder as a Predisposing Factor.Psychosomatic medicine · 2024Article
- Five-year incidence of substance use and mental health diagnoses following exposure to opioids or opioids with benzodiazepines during an emergency department encounter for traumatic injury.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Observational
- Association of Traumatic Brain Injury With Mortality Among Military Veterans Serving After September 11, 2001.JAMA network open · 2022Article
- Obstructive sleep apnea among survivors of combat-related traumatic injury: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Mental and physical health, and long-term quality of life among service members injured on deployment.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2021Article
- Longitudinal mental health outcomes of combat-injured service members.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe relationship between traumatic injury and subsequent mental health diagnoses is not well understood and may have significant implications for patient screening and clinical intervention. We sought to determine the adjusted association between traumatic injury and the subsequent development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety.
methodsUsing Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs datasets between February 2002 and June 2016, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 7,787 combat-injured United States service members matched 1:1 to combat-deployed, uninjured service members. The primary exposure was combat injury versus no combat injury. Outcomes were diagnoses of PTSD, depression, and anxiety, defined by International Classification of Diseases 9th and 10th Revision Clinical Modification codes.
resultsCompared to noninjured service members, injured service members had higher observed incidence rates per 100 person-years for PTSD (17.1 vs. 5.8), depression (10.4 vs. 5.7), and anxiety (9.1 vs. 4.9). After adjustment, combat-injured patients were at increased risk of development of PTSD (HR 2.92, 95%CI 2.68-3.17), depression (HR 1.47, 95%CI 1.36-1.58), and anxiety (HR 1.34, 95%CI 1.24-1.45).
conclusionsTraumatic injury is associated with subsequent development of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of increased screening, prevention, and intervention in patients with exposure to physical trauma.
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