ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
PD-1 is imprinted on cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T cells and attenuates Th1 cytokine production whilst maintaining cytotoxicity.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Talaromycosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome exhibits immune dysregulation in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- MAPKAP Kinase 2 Orchestrates Memory T Cell Inflation in Cytomegalovirus Infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A pilot study investigating the comparison of immunological responses to two immunosuppressive regimens in a porcine model.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Distinct Immunological Landscapes of HCMV-Specific T Cells in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Longitudinal single cell profiling of epitope specific memory CD4+ T cell responses to recombinant zoster vaccine.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Immune-checkpoint expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs) of cytomegaloviruses infection after transplantation: as a diagnostic biomarker.Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Antigen specificities of HIV-infected cells: A role in infection and persistence?Journal of virus eradication · 2023Review
- Potency assessment of IFNγ-producing SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells from COVID-19 convalescent subjects.Life science alliance · 2023Article
- Effect of Cytomegalovirus on the Immune System: Implications for Aging and Mental Health.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Cytotoxic CD4 T cells in the mucosa and in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Evaluating prognostic value of biliary stone in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by propensity score matching analysis.Journal of Cancer · 2023Article
- IL-10-Secreting CD8Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Rapid, simplified whole blood-based multiparameter assay to quantify and phenotype SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cells.The European respiratory journal · 2022Article
- HCMV carriage in the elderly diminishes anti-viral functionality of the adaptive immune response resulting in virus replication at peripheral sites.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
PD-1 is expressed on exhausted T cells in cancer patients but its physiological role remains uncertain. We determined the phenotype, function and transcriptional correlates of PD-1 expression on cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ T cells during latent infection. PD-1 expression ranged from 10-85% and remained stable over time within individual donors. This 'setpoint' was correlated with viral load at primary infection. PD-1+ CD4+ T cells display strong cytotoxic function but generate low levels of Th1 cytokines which is only partially reversed by PD-1 blockade. TCR clonotypes showed variable sharing between PD-1+ and PD-1- CMV-specific cells indicating that PD-1 status is defined either during T cell priming or subsequent clonal expansion. Physiological PD-1+ CD4+ T cells therefore display a unique 'high cytotoxicity-low cytokine' phenotype and may act to suppress viral reactivation whilst minimizing tissue inflammation. Improved understanding of the physiological role of PD-1 will help to delineate the mechanisms, and potential reversal, of PD-1+ CD4+ T cell exhaustion in patients with malignant disease.
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Registered trials
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