ArticlePloS one2021
Epidemiology of human leptospirosis in urban and rural areas of Brazil, 2000-2015.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glutamine from plasma-like medium fuels nitrogen metabolism and influences proliferation in Leptospira interrogans.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- The Epidemiological Scenario of Human Leptospirosis in Brazil from 2015 to 2024.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Leptospirosis in Central Romania: A 17-Year Single-Center Cohort Study of Hospitalized Adults.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of clinical judgement and rapid tests for leptospirosis in the Philippines: implications for public health management.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2026Article
- Leptospirosis in Southeast Asia: Investigating Seroprevalence, Transmission Patterns, and Diagnostic Challenges.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Review
- Occupation as an associated risk factor for leptospirosis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Clinical and epidemiological profile of hospitalized patients with leptospirosis: a cross-sectional study in Durán, Ecuador, 2023.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of leptospirosis and serological surveillance among reservoir animals and healthy populations in Fujian, China, 2004-2024.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Human leptospirosis in northern Iran: a population-based epidemiological study using infectious disease surveillance system data.BMC research notes · 2025Article
- Human leptospirosis in the central division of Fiji: a retrospective epidemiological study.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2025Article
- A simple suitability index to guide site selection for primate translocations: an example from northeastern Brazil.Primates; journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Evolution of human leptospirosis in French Guiana, 2016-2022.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Structural barriers in the prevention and control of leptospirosis in a municipality in Southern Brazil: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- A Retrospective Cohort Study of Leptospirosis in Crete, Greece.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- A severe case of sepsis and pneumonia caused byOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Leptospirosis Cases During the 2024 Catastrophic Flood in Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Into the spotlight: A spatial study of potentially underreported leptospirosis among dengue-negative patients in São Paulo city, Brazil.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Genetic Characterization and Zoonotic Potential ofTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- Factors associated with the presence of anti-Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Geographical factors and air raid alarms influence leptospirosis epidemiology in Ukraine (2018-2023).One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLeptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world and Brazil has the highest number of cases in Latin America. Transmission occurs mainly through exposure to water and soil contaminated by the urine of infected animals. The goals of this study are to describe the geographic distribution, demographic characteristics and exposure factors of urban and rural cases of leptospirosis, and identify spatial clusters in urban and rural areas of Brazil. METHODS/
resultsA retrospective epidemiological study was carried out using 16 years (2000-2015) of surveillance data from the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Cases were described by age, sex and race, and exposure factors were characterized in urban and rural areas. A spatial autocorrelation analysis was conducted using local Moran's I to identify urban and rural clusters of disease. On average 3,810 leptospirosis cases were reported annually with higher numbers in urban areas. National urban and rural incidence rates were the same (1.9 cases/100,000 population), however, regional differences were observed. Urban incidence rates were higher in the North and Northeast regions, while rural incidence rates were higher in the Southeast and South. The main exposure factor reported in urban and rural areas was exposure to places with signs of rodents, followed by flood in urban areas and agriculture and animal farming in rural areas. Clusters of leptospirosis were identified in densely populated urban areas of the North, Southeast and South regions, while rural clusters were concentrated in of the Southern region with large agriculture and animal farming practices.
conclusionsThis study highlights that leptospirosis is an important public health problem in both urban and rural areas of Brazil. The results provide decision-makers with detailed information about where disease incidence is high and can be used in the development of prevention and control strategies for priority areas and risk groups.
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