ArticleNephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association2021
Protein carbamylation and chronic kidney disease progression in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study.
Article in Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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23 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of blood urea nitrogen to high-density lipoprotein ratio with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in individuals with mildly reduced eGFR.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2026Article
- Reducing Polypharmacy-Related Adverse Outcomes in Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study of a Digitally Mediated Pharmacist Intervention.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A guide to uraemic toxicity.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2026Review
- Age-associated accumulation of carbamylation-derived products in tissues is independent from the myeloperoxidase pathway in mice.PloS one · 2026Article
- Protein carbamylation is associated with increased mortality and CKD progression in patients with CKD: results from the EQUAL study.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Vitamin K preserves gamma-glutamyl carboxylase activity against carbamylations in uremia: Implications for vascular calcification and adjunct therapies.Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Elevated concentrations of methyl isocyanate and isocyanic acid in cigarette smoke.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
- Homocitrulline Is Associated with Cardiovascular Outcomes in Nondialysis Patients with CKD.Kidney360 · 2025Article
- Protein carbamylation in atherosclerotic plaques correlates with uremia and disease progression, localizing predominantly to foam cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Energy-Dependent Urea Transports in Mammals and their Functional Consequences.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2025Review
- Association of inflammation and protein carbamylation in patients with COVID-19.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Comparative CKD risk prediction using homocitrulline and carbamylated albumin: two circulating markers of protein carbamylation.BMC nephrology · 2024Article
- Non-oxidative Modified Low-density Lipoproteins: The Underappreciated Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis.Current medicinal chemistry · 2024Review
- Urinary Protein-Biomarkers Reliably Indicate Very Early Kidney Damage in Children With Alport Syndrome Independently of Albuminuria and Inflammation.Kidney international reports · 2023Article
- Is Albumin Toxic to the Kidney?: It Depends.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2023Article
- Review
- Proteomics: Progress and Promise of High-Throughput Proteomics in Chronic Kidney Disease.Molecular & cellular proteomics : MCP · 2023Article
- The Impact of Carbamylation and Anemia on HbA1c's Association With Renal Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.Diabetes care · 2023Article
- Article
- Metabolite profiling of CKD progression in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort study.JCI insight · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProtein carbamylation is a post-translational protein modification caused, in part, by exposure to urea's dissociation product cyanate. Carbamylation is linked to cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in dialysis-dependent end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), but its effects in earlier pre-dialysis stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are not established.
methodsWe conducted two nested case-control studies within the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study. First, we matched 75 cases demonstrating CKD progression [50% estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) reduction or reaching ESKD] to 75 controls (matched on baseline eGFR, 24-h proteinuria, age, sex and race). In the second study, we similarly matched 75 subjects who died during follow-up (cases) to 75 surviving controls. Baseline carbamylated albumin levels (C-Alb, a validated carbamylation assay) were compared between cases and controls in each study.
resultsAt baseline, in the CKD progression study, other than blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and smoking status, there were no significant differences in any matched or other parameter. In the mortality group, the only baseline difference was smoking status. Adjusting for baseline differences, the top tertile of C-Alb was associated with an increased risk of CKD progression [odds ratio (OR) = 7.9; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.9-32.8; P = 0.004] and mortality (OR = 3.4; 95% CI 1.0-11.4; P = 0.05) when compared with the bottom tertile. C-Alb correlated with eGFR but was more strongly correlated with BUN.
conclusionsOur data suggest that protein carbamylation is a predictor of CKD progression, beyond traditional risks including eGFR and proteinuria. Carbamylation's association with mortality was smaller in this limited sample size.
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