ArticleeLife2021
HP1 proteins compact DNA into mechanically and positionally stable phase separated domains.
Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers.
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Who cites it
136 citing papers in PubMed, 233 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiscale physical effects of CpG methylation on DNA mechanics, nucleosome wrapping, and chromatin condensates.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Ki-67 regulates heterochromatin organization in neurons and forms condensates with heterochromatic components.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Lipid-Mediated DNA-Protein Coupling Reinforces the Mechanics of HP1α-DNA Condensates.Small science · 2026Article
- The role of electrostatic interactions in the phase separation of HP1α and its protein binding partners.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Hp1bp3 loss links chromatin reorganization to metabolic vulnerability in glioma.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Synthetic rewriting of the IGH locus.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- The basic domain of Suv39h2 buffers mitoxantrone-induced heterochromatin destabilization.iScience · 2026Article
- From chromosomal protein disorder to chromatin phase separation.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- HP1β and H3K9me3 Regulate Olfactory Receptor Choice and Transcriptional Identity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- HP1γ self-assembles and cooperates with KAP1 in repression of long noncoding RNA AI662270 in ESCs.Cell reports · 2026Article
- In vitro reconstitution of heterochromatin compartments reveals the spontaneous formation of tunable liquid-liquid interfaces.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Repeat-rich RNA guides repetitive genomic elements into biomolecular condensates for heterochromatin organization and muscle integrity.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Histone H3 tail charge patterns govern nucleosome condensate formation and dynamics.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Polymorphic 3D genome architecture mediated by transposable elements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Measuring bridging forces in protein-DNA condensates.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Sequence-dependent co-condensation of Lsr2 with DNA elucidates the mechanism of genome compaction in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Chromatin Meets Condensates: Emerging Interplays Linking Nuclear Paraspeckles to Gene Activation.Epigenetics reports · 2026Article
- Interphase chromosome conformation is specified by distinct folding programmes inherited through mitotic chromosomes or the cytoplasm.Nature cell biology · 2026Article
- Revealing site-specific molecular features mediating contacts of heterochromatin protein 1 α (HP1α) and the interactions with chromatin and DNA in LLPS environments.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Heterogeneity as a feature: unraveling chromatin's role in nuclear mechanics.Nucleus (Austin, Tex.) · 2025Review
76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
In mammals, HP1-mediated heterochromatin forms positionally and mechanically stable genomic domains even though the component HP1 paralogs, HP1α, HP1β, and HP1γ, display rapid on-off dynamics. Here, we investigate whether phase-separation by HP1 proteins can explain these biological observations. Using bulk and single-molecule methods, we show that, within phase-separated HP1α-DNA condensates, HP1α acts as a dynamic liquid, while compacted DNA molecules are constrained in local territories. These condensates are resistant to large forces yet can be readily dissolved by HP1β. Finally, we find that differences in each HP1 paralog's DNA compaction and phase-separation properties arise from their respective disordered regions. Our findings suggest a generalizable model for genome organization in which a pool of weakly bound proteins collectively capitalize on the polymer properties of DNA to produce self-organizing domains that are simultaneously resistant to large forces at the mesoscale and susceptible to competition at the molecular scale.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.