Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33661097›Full record

ArticleeLife2021

Design issues and solutions for stop-signal data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study.

Patrick G Bissett, McKenzie P Hagen, Henry M Jones, Russell A Poldrack

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in eLife, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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  7. Model-based analysis of stop-signal data reveals robust neural and clinical correlates of evidence accumulation but not inhibition.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026
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  9. Review
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  19. Too Much Heat May Make You Smoke.Global journal of cardiovascular diseases · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Patrick G BissettDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-0854-9404
McKenzie P HagenDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
Henry M JonesDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.
Russell A PoldrackDepartment of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study is an unprecedented longitudinal neuroimaging sample that tracks the brain development of over 9-10 year olds through adolescence. At the core of this study are the three tasks that are completed repeatedly within the MRI scanner, one of which is the stop-signal task. In analyzing the available stopping experimental code and data, we identified a set of design issues that we believe significantly compromise its value. These issues include but are not limited to variable stimulus durations that violate basic assumptions of dominant stopping models, trials in which stimuli are incorrectly not presented, and faulty stop-signal delays. We present eight issues, show their effect on the existing ABCD data, suggest prospective solutions including task changes for future data collection and preliminary computational models, and suggest retrospective solutions for data users who wish to make the most of the existing data.

Indexed as

CognitionAdolescentBrainHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingNeuroimagingProspective StudiesRetrospective Studiesbig databrain developmentchild developmenthumanneurosciencerace modelsstop-signal paradigm

Identifiers

PMID33661097
PMCPMC7997655

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.